机械工程专业英语_原文翻译.doc

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1、5.1IntroductionConventionalmachiningisthegroupofmachiningoperationsthatusesingle-ormulti-pointtoolstoremovematerialintheformofchips.Metalcuttinginvolvesremovingmetalthroughmachiningoperations.Machiningtraditionallytakesplaceonlathes,drillpresses,andmilling

2、machineswiththeuseofvariouscuttingtools.Mostmachininghasverylowset-upcostcomparedwithforming,molding,andcastingprocesses.However,machiningismuchmoreexpensiveforhighvolumes.Machiningisnecessarywheretighttolerancesondimensionsandfinishesarerequired.5.1译文传统机械

3、加工是一组利用单刃或者多刃刀具以切屑形式去除材料的加工方式。金属切削意味着通过机械加工去除金属。传统的机械加工都是利用不同的刀具在车床、钻床和铣床上进行的。与成型加工、锻压和铸造工艺相比，大多数机械加工的生产准备成本都较低，然而如果是大批量生产，其成本要高得多。当对零件的尺寸公差和光洁度要求较高时，机械加工是很有必要的。5.2TurningandLatheTurningisoneofthemostcommonofmetalcuttingoperations.Inturning,aworkpieceisrot

4、atedaboutitsaxisassingle-pointcuttingtoolsarefedintoit,shearingawayexcessmaterialandcreatingthedesiredcylindricalsurface.Turningcanoccuronbothexternalandinternalsurfacestoproduceanaxially-symmetricalcontouredpart.Partsrangingfrompocketwatchcomponentstolarg

5、ediametermarinepropellershaftscanbeturnedonalathe.Apartfromturning,severalotheroperationscanalsobeperformedonlathe.axially['æksiəli]adv.轴向地symmetrical[si'metrikəl]a.对称的cylindrical[si'lindrikl]a.圆柱形的contoured['kɔntuəd]a.显示轮廓的，与某种形体轮廓相吻合的译文:在金属切削加工操作中，车削是最常见

6、的一种。在车削过程中，工件绕其轴线回转，单刃车刀沿工件进给，切除掉多余的材料，最后形成要求的圆柱形表面。车削可以加工外面和内表面以形成具有轴对称的成形工件。从怀表的零件到大直径的船用螺旋桨轴都可以在车床上加工。除了车削，还有另外几种加工操作都可以在车床上进行。Boringandinternalturning.Boringandinternalturningareperformedontheinternalsurfacesbyaboringbarorsuitableinternalcuttingtools.I

7、ftheinitialworkpieceissolid,adrillingoperationmustbeperformedfirst.Thedrillingtoolisheldinthetailstock,andthelatteristhenfedagainsttheworkpiece.Whenboringisdoneinalathe,theworkusuallyisheldinachuckoronafaceplate.Holesmaybeboredstraight,tapered,ortoirregula

8、rcontours.Boringisessentiallyinternalturningwhilefeedingthetoolparalleltotherotationaxisoftheworkpiece.译文:利用镗杆或合适的内圆车刀可以进行镗削和车内圆。如果工件毛坯是实心的，首先要钻孔。钻头安装在尾架上，后者向工件进给。如果在车床上进行镗削加工，工件通常装夹在卡盘或者花盘上。镗出的孔可以是直孔、锥孔或者不规则