专业英语翻译原文

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1、HumanFactorsInTransportation(原文)Unite25HumanFactorsInTransportationConsiderationofhumanfactorsasaprofessionalactivitydatestoWorldWarIIworkofbehavioralscientistswithdesignofman-machinesystems.Transportationsystemsareanatureareafortheinteractionbetweenengineersandpsychologists.Moderntrans

2、portationsystemsinvolvehumansasvehicleoperators,passengers,andpedestrians.Thehumanelementofanytransportationsystemislargelya‘given’aroundwhichtheotherelementsmustbedesignedandoperated.Safetyconsiderationsareimportant,butefficiencyalsoplaysamajorroleinthesystemdesigntrade-offsthatmustbem

3、ade.Alltoomanyofthesetrade-offsaremadewithinsufficientinformationabouthumancapabilities.Asaresult,systeminefficienciesandbreakdownsoccurthatcouldbeprevented.Transportationsystemsaccountforlargenumberandproportionsofinjuriesanddeathsineverycountry.Accidentrecordsarecrudelygeneratedandser

4、veonlyasabroadindicatorofthemagnitudeoftheproblems.Thisleavessystemdesignersandoperators(transportationengineering)torelyonwhatisknownabouthumanfactorsprinciplestoachievedesiredsystemperformance.Unfortunately,thedesignresponsibilityinmosttransportationsystemsisbadlyfractionizedamongvari

5、oussubgroups.Forexample,vehicledesignengineersandpathwaydesignerscommonlyfunctionindependentlyfromeachotherandfromoperatingengineers,whointurnoperateseparatelyfromtransportationlawmakersandlawenforcers.Thosewho4土木与交通学院朱成HumanFactorsInTransportation(原文)trainandselect(license)operatorsfor

6、myetanotherindependentsubgroup.Eachsubgroupdeals,forbetterorforworse,withhumanfactorsofthesystemusers.Anaccidentisanindicatorofsystemfailureandassuchitisameasureofeffectiveness(MOE).IntheUnitedStates,allaccidentaldeathsin1987increasedabout1300from1997andthelargestincreaseoccurredinmotor

7、vehicledeaths.However,accordingtotheNationalSafetyCouncil,theoverallaccidentaldeathrateper100000populationwas47.9,thethirdlowestrateonrecord(AccidentFacts,1979).Between1912and1978accidentaldeathsper100000populationwerereduced41%,from82to48.The70%reductionfrom79to24inthenon-moto