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1、CHAPTERTWELVELANGUAGEACQUISITION1.WhatisLanguageAcquisition?2.Contrastiveanalysis3.Erroranalysis4.Interlanguage5.ComprehensibleInputandL2Acquisition6.IndividualfactorsaffectingSLA1.Whatislanguageacquisition?thelearningandthedevelopmentofaperson’slanguage.Itisstudiedbylinguists,psycholi
2、nguistsandappliedlinguiststoenablethemtounderstandtheprocessesusedinlearningalanguage,helpidentifystagesinthedevelopmentalprocess,andtogiveabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflanguage.Itfocusesonthestudyofthedevelopmentofphonology,grammar,vocabularyandcommunicativecompetence.Firstlanguage
3、;Secondlanguage;Foreignlanguage;Targetlanguagefirstlanguage/L1:generallyaperson’smothertongueorthelanguageacquiredfirst,alsoknownasnativelanguage.secondlanguage/L2:alanguagewhichisnotanativelanguageinacountrybutwhichiswidelyusedasamediumofcommunicatione.g.ineducation&ingovernmentandwhi
4、chisusuallyusedalongsideanotherlanguageorlanguages.EnglishisdescribedasasecondlanguageincountriessuchasSingapore,CanadaandNigeria.foreignlanguage:alanguagewhichistaughtasaschoolsubjectbutwhichisnotusedasamediumofinstructionnorasalanguageofcommunicationwithinacountrye.g.ingovernment,bus
5、iness,orindustry.EnglishisdescribedasaforeignlanguageinChina,Japan,Franceetc.targetlanguage:alanguagewhichapersonislearning.SecondLanguageAcquisition(SLA)ThestudyofSLA,asanindependentfieldofinquiry,startedinthelate1960’s,andflourishedinthe1970’sand80’s,perhapsasaresultoftheresurgenceof
6、interestintheinternalmechanismsofthelanguageteachingandlearningprocess.2.Contrastiveanalysis/CAaproceduredesignedtofindoutthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenlanguagesinordertohelpteachersandlearners,andnotproduceerrorsatall.Itwasdevelopedandpracticedinthe1950sand1960s.Itwasmoresuccess
7、fulinphonologythaninotherareasoflanguage,anddeclinedinthe1970sasinterferencewasreplacedbyotherexplanationsoflearningdifficulties.RoleofL1inL2Acquisition:Languagetransfer:theeffectofonelanguageonthelearningofanother.Twotypesoflanguagetransfer:Negativetransfer负迁移,alsoknownasinterferenc
