消费者选择理论(000004).ppt

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1、Chapter4THETHEORYOFCONSUMERCHOICEPeoplefacetrade-offs.Thetheoryofconsumerchoiceexamineshowconsumersfacingthesetrade-offsmakedecisionsandhowtheyrespondtochangesintheirenvironment.如何做出选择，如何对环境的变化做出反应TheBudgetConstraint:whattheconsumercanaffordSupposetheconsumerhasanincomeof$1,000permonthand

2、hespendshisentireincomeonpizzaandPepsi.假定收入1000美元，花费全部收入Thepriceofapizzais$10,andthepriceofapintofPepsiis$2.Iftheconsumerspendsallhisincomeonpizza,howmuchpizzashecaneatduringthemonth?全部购买比萨饼，能吃多少？IftheconsumerspendsallhisincomeonPepsi,howmuchPepsihecandrinkduringthemonth?全部购买百事可乐，能喝多少？Con

3、sumptionBundle商品组合QuantityofPizza比萨饼QuantityofPepsi百事可乐Totalspending总支出A05001000B204001000C403001000D602001000E10001000Budgetconstraint05003002040D20060100ABCEQuantityofPepsiQuantityofPizza400Budgetconstraintmeansthelimitontheconsumptionbundlesthataconsumercanafford.预算约束线指对消费者可以支付得起的消费组合的

4、限制。BudgetconstraintTheslopeofthebudgetconstraintequalsQuantityofPizza0D500300200204060100ABCEQuantityofPepsi400Theslopeofthebudgetconstrainttheopportunitycostofonegoodmeasuredbytheothergood.机会成本therateatwhichtheconsumercantradeonegoodfortheother.交换比率therelativepriceofthetwogoods—thepriceo

5、fonegoodcomparedtothepriceoftheother.两种商品的相对价格Theequationofbudgetconstraint0QuantityofX2QuantityofX1I=P1X1+P2X2Consumer’sincome:ITwokindsofgoods:X1,X2ShiftsinthebudgetconstraintIftheincomeincreasesform$1000to$1100…anincreaseinincomeleadstoaparallelshiftinthebudgetconstraint平行移动QuantityofP

6、izza0D500300200204060100ABCEQuantityofPepsi400IfthepriceofPepsirisesfrom$2to$4perpint.QuantityofPizza0D500300200204060100ABCEQuantityofPepsi400ariseinthepriceofanygoodshiftsthebudgetconstraintinward.向里转动250ShiftsinthebudgetconstraintPreferences:whattheconsumerwantsMarketbundle(orbasket)re

7、ferstoalistwithspecificquantitiesofoneormoregoods.商品束指一种或几种商品的特定组合Preferencemeansdesireorlikingforonethingratherthananother.偏好意味着对一件东西比另一件更喜欢。SomebasicassumptionsaboutpreferencesPreferenceareassumedtobecomplete.完备性ForanytwobundleAandB,aconsumerwillpreferAtoB(A>B),wi