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1、Lecture6Lit.ofWei&JinandCaoCaoSujieLiSchoolofEnglish,BISU2016-10-18AQuickLookatHistoryWei,Jin,Southern-northerndynasties魏晋南北朝文学，上起建安，历三国、两晋、南北朝，终于隋统一。如从东汉末献帝永汉元年（189年）算起，之陈后主祯明三年（589年）隋文帝灭陈止，中间正好四百年。Doyouknowthechainofchangesofthedynastiesandregimes?Thedevelopmentoflit.魏晋南北朝文学发展极为不平衡，表现在
2、：在建安时代，北方比南方兴盛；在三国时代，魏比吴、蜀兴盛；在两晋时代，西晋比东晋兴盛；在南北朝时代，南朝比北朝兴盛。南北文风表现出鲜明的地域性特点，大抵北方以刚健质朴为特色，南方则比较华美柔婉。从整个文学史的发展看，魏晋南北朝文学是上承先秦两汉、下启隋唐的一个重要阶段。这种重要性不仅在于作家空前增多、作品也空前增多，更重要的还在于它已进入了文学自觉的时代。（马285-291）魏晋南北朝时期是文学的自觉时代，也是我国文学史上一个承先启后的、重要而必不可少的阶段。如果没有魏晋南北朝文学的自觉和独立，没有这四百年的文学创作实践和文学理论的积累，就不可能有唐代文学的全面繁荣。F
3、amousLiteraryFigures建安文学：三曹、建安七子蔡琰、杨修、吴质西晋太康文学：张华、傅玄、“三张”、“二陆”、“两潘”、“一左”（三张”指诗人张载与其弟张协、张亢；“二陆”指文学家陆机与其弟陆云；“两潘”指文学家潘岳与其侄潘尼；“一左”指诗人左思。）南北朝：陶渊明、谢灵运、谢眺、鲍照、沈约CaoCaoTheChineseequivalentfor“Speakofthedevil”is“SpeakofCaoCaoandCaoCaoarrives”,implicatingthebadcharacterofCao.Andinpopularculture,Cao
4、iswidelyknownasbeingcunning,deceitful,cruel,merciless,unscrupulous,treacherous,andskeptical.Avillaininshort.Ishereallysoinhistory?AsuccessfulwarlordandchancellorofEasternHanDynastyAbrilliantrulerandmilitarygeniuswhotreatedhissubordinateslikehisfamilyUnitednorthernChinaDevelopedagricultur
5、eandsocialstabilityPromotededucationandliteratureAnaccomplishedpoetandpatronofpoetryCaoCao’scontributionCaoCaowasanaccomplishedpoet,aswerehissonsCaoPiandCaoZhi.HewasalsoapatronofpoetssuchasXuGan.OfCaoCao'sworks,onlyaremnantremaintoday.Hisverses,unpretentiousyetprofound,helpedtoreshapethe
6、poeticstyleofhistimeandbeyond,eventuallycontributingtothepoetrystylesassociatedwithTangdynastypoetry.CaoCao,CaoPiandCaoZhiareknowncollectivelyasthe"ThreeCaos".TheThreeCaos'poetry,togetherwithadditionalpoets,becameknownastheJian'anstyle,whichcontributedeventuallytoTangandlaterpoetry.CaoCa
7、owroteverseintheolderfour-characterperlinestylecharacteristicoftheClassicofPoetry.BurtonWatsondescribesCaoCaoas:“theonlywriteroftheperiodwhosucceededininfusingtheoldfour-charactermetrewithanyvitality,mainlybecausehediscardedthearchaicdictionassociatedwithitandemployedtheo
