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1、主谓一致主谓一致三种原则:1.语法一致2.意义/概念一致3.就近/邻近一致。(一)语法一致:指谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数在语法形式上保持一致。1.以单数名词或代词、抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。复数名词或代词作主语时,跟复数动词。如:1)Thebookisonthetable.2)HeisreadingEnglish.3)Toworkhardisnecessary.(Itisnecessarytoworkhard.)4)Howyougetthereisap
2、roblem.5)Childrenliketoplaytoys.6)Waterisakindofmatter.7)Thenewsatsixo’clockistrue.8)Readingishelpful.9)Thathecan’ttakepartintheactivityaddstoourdifficulty.注意:what引导的主语从句若表示单数概念或整体概念,谓语动词用单数;若表示复数概念,谓语动词用复数。如:Whatheneedsaremorebooks.2.由and或both…and连接并列主语时,and后的
3、名词有定冠词,谓语用复数;如果它表示同一个人、事物,或同一概念时,and后的名词没有定冠词,谓语用单数形式。如:1)Breadandbutteristheirdailyfood.(类似:aknifeandfork/aneedleandthread/acupandsaucer)2)Theteacherandthewriterarefamousalloverthecountry.这个老师和这个作家3)Theteacherandwriterisfamousalloverthecountry.这个老师兼作家在全国都有名气。4
4、)Howandwheretospendtheholidayisnotdecided.3.由every…and(every)…,each…and(each)…连接的两个单数名词作主语,或由no修饰的并列单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:1)Eachboyand(each)girlisallowedtoreadinthelibrary.2)Everyboyandgirlhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.3)Noteacherandnostudentisabsenttoday.4.[就远原则]如果主
5、语后面跟有with,like,besides,but,except,including,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,ratherthan,inadditionto等介词(结构)引起的短语,谓语动词只与介词(结构)前的主语保持一致,用单数(或是复数)。如:1)Hissister,nolessthanyou,iswrong.2)Tom,likeyouandXiaoLiuisverydiligent.3)Theparents,ratherthant
6、hebrothers,areresponsiblefortheaccident.4)Everypictureexceptthesetwohasbeensold.5)Aliceaswellasherfriendswasinvitedtotheconcert.6)NobodybutMaryandIwasintheclassroomatthattime.7)Themother(together)withhersonisgoingtoattendthemeetingthisafternoon.5.由each,either,n
7、either,one,another,one…theother…,及由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时,都作单数看待;或当他们修饰单数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。1)Eachtakesacupoftea.2)Eitheriscorrect.3)Neitherofthemlikesthispicture.4)Iseveryonehere?5)Nothingistobedone.6)EachstudenthasanEnglishbook.7)Someoneisaskingforyououtside
8、.8)Everyoneofthepeoplehereknowshim.6.morethanone/a,manya加单数名词作主语,表示复数概念,但谓语动词与其形式保持一致,用单数。如:1)Morethanone/apersonhasdoneit.2)Manyastudent(manystudents)takespartintheactivity