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1、语法复习----句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。一.主语(Subject)v是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词等充当。例如：1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth
2、.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.二.谓语:说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词（或动词短语）充当，一般放在主语之后,并且由时态和语态(即主动语态和被动语态)来决定谓语的形式。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.三．宾语宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面。例如：1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2.He
3、isthinkingofadifficultproblem.宾语可以用名词、代词、动名词、不定式和名词化的形容词等来充当。1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.v双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）To:write,tell,pass,give,send,pro
4、mise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等如：Sheboughtagiftforhermotherv下列动词只能接不定式做宾语ask,agree,choose,,want,desiredemand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,wish,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promis
5、e,refuse等v下列动词只能接动名词做宾语admit,avoid,advise,suggest,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise等v下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如stop,mean,remember,forget,regret等。四．表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等表示。1.OurEngl
6、ishteacherisanAmerican.2.Isityours?33.Theweatherhasturnedcold.4.Thespeechisexciting.5.Thestudentsareexcited.6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.系动词的分类：1．be:Heisateacher.2.表示保持某种状态：有keep，remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentatmeeti
7、ng. 3．表示“看起来像”,主要有seem,appear,look,Heseems(tobe)verysad.4．表示“感官”系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5．表示“变得”主要有become,grow,get,turn,go,fallTheclimateisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.Meatgoesbadeasilyinho
