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1、设施布置FacilityLayout第六章1设施布置定义FacilityLayoutDefined决定部门的位置、部门的工作组、工作站、机器的位置以及在制品的储存点，目的在于确保以一种顺利的工作流（工厂内）或一种特殊的流动方式（服务组织内）来安排这些要素。FacilityLayoutcanbedefinedastheprocessbywhichtheplacementofdepartments,workgroupswithindepartment,workstations,machines,andstock-holdingpointswithaproductionfacilityared
2、etermined.2GuidingCase:McDonald’sLooksforCompetitiveAdvantagewithitsNewHigh-TechKitchenLayoutInitshalf-centuryofcorporateexistence,McDonald’shasrevolutionizedtherestaurantindustrybyinventingthelimited-menufast-foodrestaurant.Ithasfivemajorinnovations.Thefirst,theintroductionofindoorseating(1950s)
3、,wasastrategicissueoffacilitylayout.Thesecond,drive-throughwindows(1970s)Thethird,addingbreakfasttothemenu(1980s),wasaproductstrategy.3Thefourth,addingplayareas(1990s),wasagainalayoutdecision.In2000,McDonald’sisreachingforitsfifthmajorinnovation,andnotsurprisingly,itisanewlayouttofacilitateamassc
4、ustomizationprocess.Thistimethecorporationisbankingontheradicalredesignofthekitchensinits13,500NorthAmericanoutlets.Dubbedthe“madeforyou”kitchensystem,sandwichesarenowassembledtoorderandproductionlevelsarecontrolledbycomputers.Thenewlayoutisintendedtobothimprovethetasteoffoodbyensuringitisalwaysf
5、reshlymade,4andtofacilitatetheintroductionofnewproducts.Underthenewrestaurantdesign,totalproductionprocesswereshortento45seconds,somestepswereeliminatedandsomeshortened.Thepayoffforthelayoutchange?McDonald’swillsave$100millionperyearinfoodcosts.Thecompanyisbankingthatwiththenewlayout,newstandards
6、ofefficiencyandhappiercustomerswillprovideacompetitiveadvantage.5设施布置的目标ObjectivesofFacilityLayout生产系统的目标减少材料处理成本有效地利用空间和劳动力消除瓶颈便于雇员之间及雇员和上级之间的接触和交流降低生产循环时间或服务时间消除浪费或多余的时间便于材料、产品和人员的进出和摆放6设施布置的目标（续）ObjectivesofFacilityLayout使安全和保险措施具体化改进产品和服务质量鼓励正确的维修活动为企业运作活动提供了具体的控制为企业适应环境的改变提供了柔性生产需求量预测工艺要求建筑物
7、的总数或场地的有效空间总数7讲台讲台讲台讲台教室布置81、满足生产(业务）过程的需要,符合总流程2、有密切生产联系和协作关系的车间应靠近布置3、充分利用城市的现有运输条件(TransportationConditions)4、合理划分大区基本原则设施布置95、尽量提高建筑利用系数6、为扩建改建(ExpansionandRebuilding)留有余地7、注意改善内部环境(InternalEnvironment)8、可调性(Flexib
