生产运作管理之设施设计课件.ppt

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1、生产与运作管理ProductionandOperationsManagement第二章设施设计DesignofFacilities第二章设施与作业设计（DesignofFacilitiesandJobs）设施位置选择（FacilityLocation）设施布置（FacilityLayout）*作业设计（JobDesign）第一节设施位置选择（FacilityLocation）设施位置决策（Decision）设施位置选择的因素（Considerations）设施位置分析方法（Methods）InGeneral-LocationDecisionsL

2、ong-termdecisionsDifficulttoreverseAffectfixed&variablecostsTransportationcostAsmuchas25%ofproductpriceOthercosts:Taxes,wages,rentetc.Objective:MaximizebenefitoflocationtofirmIndustrialLocationDecisionsCostfocusRevenuevarieslittlebetweenlocationsLocationisamajorcostfactorAff

3、ectsshipping&productioncosts(e.g.,labor)CostsvarygreatlybetweenlocationsServiceLocationDecisionsRevenuefocusCostsvarylittlebetweenmarketareasLocationisamajorrevenuefactorAffectsamountofcustomercontactAffectsvolumeofbusinessLocationDecisionSequenceCountryRegion/CommunitySi

4、teFactorsAffectingLocation资源（人力、原材料、能源、资本、土地的价格及其供应状况）运输（费用及其设施状况）市场（需求量、结构、竞争、价格、顾客分布及其需求特点）建筑（费用及其条件）；税收、保险（种类、政策及其水平）；自然条件（气候、地理位置、地质状况）；经济条件（基础设施、生活质量）；社会条件（文化习俗、公众态度）；政治条件（政府政策及其态度、政治稳定）。LocationEvaluationMethodsFactor-ratingmethodLocationalbreak-evenanalysisCenterofgravi

5、tymethodTransportationmodelFactor-RatingMethodMostwidelyusedlocationtechniqueUsefulforservice&industriallocationsRateslocationsusingfactorsIntangible(qualitative)factorsExample:Educationquality,laborskillsTangible(quantitative)factorsExample:Short-run&long-runcostsExample：Fact

6、orRatingMethodMethodofcost-volumeanalysisusedforindustriallocationsStepsDeterminefixed&variablecostsforeachlocationPlottotalcostforeachlocationSelectlocationwithlowesttotalcostforexpectedproductionvolumeMustbeabovebreak-evenLocationalBreak-EvenAnalysisLocationalBreak-EvenAnaly

7、sisExampleYou’reananalystforACDelco.You’reconsideringanewmanufacturingplantinAkron,BowlingGreen,orChicago.Fixedcostsperyearare$30k,$60k,&$110krespectively.Variablecostspercaseare$75,$45,&$25respectively.Thepricepercaseis$120.Whatisthebestlocationforanexpectedvolumeof2,000cases

8、peryear?LocationalBreak-EvenCrossoverChart0500001000001500002