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1、RalphWaldoEmerson（1803——1882）Americanlecturer,poet,essayistandphilosopher,bestrememberedforleadingtheTranscendentalistmovementofthemid-19thcentury,Emerson’sEarlyLifeIn1803inBoston,MA.BornonElectionDayBornonthesamestreetasthebirthhomeofBenjaminFranklin.FatherwasafamousministerwhoencouragedyoungRa
2、lphtopursuephilosophyatayoungage.EarlyTrialsIn1811,whenhewas8hisfatherpassedawayandEmersonislefttosupporthisfourotherbrothers.In1817,whenhewas14,hewenttoHarvard.Despitethehardships,alltheEmersonboys,exceptone,graduatedfromHarvardUniversity.Ralphwasaskedtoshareacoatwithhisbrothertosavefinances.Hi
3、scareerIn1821,afterHarvard,Emersonassistedhisbrotherinaschoolforyoungwomenestablishedintheirmother’shouse.In1829,hewasappointedasajuniorpastor(青年牧师)byBoston’sSecondChurch.TranscendentalismIn1832,heabandonedUnitarianismandwenttoEuropewherehemetpoetsSamuelTaylorLoleridgeandWilliamWordsworthwhointr
4、oducedhimtoRomanticnotionsofnatureandphilosophy. In1835,hefoundedaTranscendentalists'ClubandpublishedajournalLateLifeandDeathUpsetinthe1860sbythecomingCivilWar,helivedaquietlifewithhisfamily.Hishouseburnttothegroundin1872.DiedonApril27th,1882.RalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882)TheBritishcriticMatthewAr
5、noldsaidthemostimportantwritingsinEnglishinthe19thcenturyhadbeenWordsworth'spoemsandEmerson'sessays.majorworkNature《论自然》1836TheAmericanScholar《论美国学者》1837Selfreliance《论自立》1841TheOver-soul《论超灵》1841RepresentativeMen《代表人物》1850EnglishTraits《英国人的特性》1856CommentsFormerU.S.PresentLincolncalledhim“theAmer
6、icanConfucius(美国的孔子)”，“thefatherofAmericancivilizations”.Agreatprose-poet,EmersoninfluencedalonglineofAmericanpoets,includingWaltWhitman,EmilyDickinson,EdwinArlingtonRobinson,WallaceStevens,HartCrane,andRobertFrost.HeisalsocreditedwithinfluencingthephilosophiesofJohnDewey,GeorgeSantayana,Friedri
7、chNietzsche,andWilliamJames.知识回顾KnowledgeReview祝您成功！
