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1、RalphWaldoEmerson（1803——1882）Americanlecturer,poet,essayistandphilosopher,bestrememberedforleadingtheTranscendentalistmovementofthemid-19thcentury,Emerson’sEarlyLifeIn1803inBoston,MA.BornonElectionDayBornonthesamestreetasthebirthhomeofBenjaminFranklin.Fatherwasafamousministerwhoen
2、couragedyoungRalphtopursuephilosophyatayoungage.EarlyTrialsIn1811,whenhewas8hisfatherpassedawayandEmersonislefttosupporthisfourotherbrothers.In1817,whenhewas14,hewenttoHarvard.Despitethehardships,alltheEmersonboys,exceptone,graduatedfromHarvardUniversity.Ralphwasaskedtoshareacoatw
3、ithhisbrothertosavefinances.HiscareerIn1821,afterHarvard,Emersonassistedhisbrotherinaschoolforyoungwomenestablishedintheirmother’shouse.In1829,hewasappointedasajuniorpastor(青年牧师)byBoston’sSecondChurch.TranscendentalismIn1832,heabandonedUnitarianismandwenttoEuropewherehemetpoetsSam
4、uelTaylorLoleridgeandWilliamWordsworthwhointroducedhimtoRomanticnotionsofnatureandphilosophy. In1835,hefoundedaTranscendentalists'ClubandpublishedajournalLateLifeandDeathUpsetinthe1860sbythecomingCivilWar,helivedaquietlifewithhisfamily.Hishouseburnttothegroundin1872.DiedonApril27t
5、h,1882.RalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882)TheBritishcriticMatthewArnoldsaidthemostimportantwritingsinEnglishinthe19thcenturyhadbeenWordsworth'spoemsandEmerson'sessays.majorworkNature《论自然》1836TheAmericanScholar《论美国学者》1837Selfreliance《论自立》1841TheOver-soul《论超灵》1841RepresentativeMen《代表人物》185
6、0EnglishTraits《英国人的特性》1856CommentsFormerU.S.PresentLincolncalledhim“theAmericanConfucius(美国的孔子)”，“thefatherofAmericancivilizations”.Agreatprose-poet,EmersoninfluencedalonglineofAmericanpoets,includingWaltWhitman,EmilyDickinson,EdwinArlingtonRobinson,WallaceStevens,HartCrane,andRob
7、ertFrost.HeisalsocreditedwithinfluencingthephilosophiesofJohnDewey,GeorgeSantayana,FriedrichNietzsche,andWilliamJames.
