初中英语定语从句讲解.doc

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1、初高中英语定语从句讲解（1）一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose, 等； 关系副词有where,when,why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)Theboyswhoareplayingfoo

2、tballarefromclassone. (2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman_____________________(迷了路的).2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus. (2)Mr.Lingisjusttheboy____________________（我想要见的）.   注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3)Themanwho/whom

3、youmetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys. (2)Thisisthepen____________________________（昨天他买的）.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecity

4、eachyearrisesonemillion. (6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Ioncelivedinahouse____________(它的屋梁)hasfallen4in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)Heclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (4)Th

5、eclassroom__________________isbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow? (6)Doyoulikethebook___________________isyellow?三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句    关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1)Theschool(____________)heoncestudied______isveryfamous. (2)Th

6、eschool______________heoncestudiedisveryfamous. (3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(___________)youaskedfor. (4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine________________youasked. (5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(______________)wehaveoftentalked____. (6)We'llgotohearthe

7、famoussinger____________wehaveoftentalked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等 (1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.() (2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.()2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1)

8、Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.() (2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.() (3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.() (4)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.() 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有s