生理学英文课件(肾上腺激素)Adrenocortical Hormones.ppt

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1、Chapter77AdrenocorticalHormonesMainPoints:ISynthesisandSecretionofAdrenocorticalHormonesIIFunctionsofthefollowinghormones*GlucocorticoidsMineralocorticoidsAndrogensIIIRegulationofCortisolSecretionCortexAnatomyandHistologyofAdrenalGland(Mineralocorticoids)(Gl

2、ucocorticoids)(Androgens)(Epinephrine&Norepinephrine)HormonesSecretedfromeachlayerinCortexandMedullaofAdrenalISynthesisandSecretionofAdrenocorticalHormonesAdrenocorticalHormonesaresteroidsderivedfromCholesterolindistinctcortexlayerswhichcontaindifferentenzyme

3、s.Followingbeingsecretedintotheplasma,adrenocorticalhormonesbindsproteins(suchascortisol-bindingglobulin,transcortinandalbumin)IIFunctionsofGlucocorticoidsEffectonMetabolism(Carbohydrate,Protein&Fat)ResistingStressOtherEffects(BloodandImmunityetc)Cortisol/Hyd

4、rocortisone(95%)CorticosteroneStimulationofGluconeogenesisDecreasedGlucoseUtilizationCarbohydrateMetabolism(AdrenalDiabetes---insensitivetoInsulin)SerumGlucose↑ProteinMetabolismReductioninCellularProtein,especiallyinmuscle(Synthesis↓andCatabolism↑)Incrementin

5、liverandplasmaproteinFatMetabolismMobilizationofFattyAcids---ShifttheCellularUtilizationofglucosetofattyacidforenergy.(Slowdevelopedbutimportantforlong-termconservationofglucoseandglycogen)PeculiarObesityresultfromExcessCortisol!!!???Buffalo-likeTorsoPurpleSt

6、ripe‘Moon’faceManytypesofstressincreasecortisolreleaseResistStressStressinducedRapidmobilizationofaminoacidsandfatsforenergyandsynthesisofothersubstances.OtherEffectsBloodsystem(Increaseredbloodcells;Decreaseimmunocyte)Anti-inflammation;Anti-AllergyPreventabl

7、eeffectsReduceestablishedInfla.Arthritis,RheumaticetcCirculationsystem(Permissiveeffect)Nervesystem(EnhanceExcitability;Memory)Respiratorysystem(LungmaturationandSurfactantproduction)Digestionsystem(Promotesecretionofacid)Metabolismofwaterandsalt(IncreaseGFR)

8、CircadianRhythmofCortisolSecretionIIRegulationofCortisolSecretionHypothalamusAnteriorPituitaryAdrenalCortexCRHACTHStressACTHStimulatesCortisolSecretionCRHControlACTHSecretionStressincreas