【教学论文】也说“瞻前顾后”原则在定语从句学习中的运用【教师职称评定】.doc

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1、也说“瞻前顾后”原则在定语从句学习中的运用刘琼江西省南康二屮341400定语从句是英语语法屮的基础部分。它在屮学阶段从句屮是最要害的知识，也是最难掌握的地方,同时也是高考考察的热点内容之一.纵观近年各地高考试题，就能发现考点大多集屮在带有〃插入语〃的定语从句；which、as引导的非限制性定语从句；where、when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。当然不管从哪个方面考查，只要掌握做定语从句的原则就可以“以不变应万变"定语从句的原则，即“瞻前顾后”，就是“往前看往后看”o我们

2、知道，不管是限制性还是非限制性定语从句，都须有关系词来引导。而选择关系词的依据就是：A瞻前：要看先行词是指人、事物、时间、地点还是原因等；B顾后：要看先行词在从句小所充为的成分，若充为主语，宾语，定语用关系代词；若充当状语用关系副词。如果不清楚先行词究竟充当了从句的什么成分吋，不妨将先行词代入从句进行还原分析。“瞻前顾后”在定语从句屮的运用如下:主语宾语（可省）状语定语指人Who/thatwhom/thatWhose/ofwhom指物Which/thatWhich/thatWhose/the+n+ofw

3、hich/ofwhichthe+n指吋间When二Prep+which指地点Where=Prep+which指原因why=For+which1、先行词在从句屮作主语1）先行词指人作从句的主语，用who或that引导从句。Hewho/thatdoesn,treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.（从句二I【edoesn,treachtheGreatWall.）2）先行词指物作从句的主语，用which或that引导从句。Thisisthebookwhich/thatcostme50yu

4、an.（从句二Thebookcostme50yuan.）2、先行词在从句屮作宾语1）先行词指人作从句的宾语，用whom或that引导从句，并可以省略。That'sthegirl（whom/that）Iteach.（从句=1teachthegir1.）2）先行词指物作从句的宾语，用which或that引导从句，并且可以省略。Thisistheschool(which/that)wevisitedyesterday.(从句二Wevisitedtheschoolyesterday.)3、先行词在从句屮作定语先

5、行词指人或指物时，和关系词后的名词之间存在所属关系时，用whose引导从句。Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.(从句二thescientist，sachievementsarewellknownThisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight(从句二thehouse"swindowbrokelastnight.)这时，还可以用the+n.+ofwhich(whom)或ofwhich(whom)+the+n•来代替

6、whoseThisisthehouseofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.Thisisthehousethewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.Theboythenameofwhom/ofwhomthenameisTomisinourclass・4、先行词指时间、地点、原因，作从句的时间、地点、原因状语时,分别用when>where和why引导从句。这时还可以用“介词+which”代替关系副词。Iwillneverforgetthosedayswhen(=i

7、nwhich)Iworkedinthatschool(从句二Iworkedinthatschoolinthosedays.)Thisistheroomwhere(=inwhich)GeorgeWashingtonwasborn.(从句二GeorgeWashingtonwasbornintheT()()m.)Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)shewaslateforschool.(从句二Shewaslateforschoolforthereason.)注意：1)尽管先行词是指吋间

8、、地点、原因的词，但不作从句的状语而作了主语或宾语，应按先行词指物来处理。Twillneverforgetthedays(which/that)wespenttogetherlastsummer.(二wespentthedaystogetherlastsummer.)ThisistheToom(which/that)Ioncelivedin.(从句二1oncelivedintheroom<)ThisistheTeason(which/tha