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1、名词性从句讲练学案在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某
2、一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸
3、Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首
4、。(2)Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredt
5、ohim.(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时
6、在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。例如:1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation二.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如:Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句,例如:Shedidnotknowwha
7、thadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语,例如:Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语,例如:Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.注意:that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,
8、aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。4.it可以作为形式宾语