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1、w页码，1/20(W)4–MedicalInformaticsC.WilliamHansonKeyPoints1.Acomputer'shardwareservesmanyofthesamefunctionsasthoseofthehumannervoussystem,withaprocessoractingasthebrainandbusesactingasconductingpathways,aswellasmemoryandcommunicationdevices.2.Thecomputer's
2、operatingsystemservesastheinterfaceortranslatorbetweenitshardwareandthesoftwareprogramsthatrunonit,suchasthebrowser,wordprocessor,ande-mailprograms.3.Thehospitalinformationsystemisthenetworkofinterfacedsubsystems,bothhardwareandsoftware,thatcoexisttoser
3、vethemultiplecomputingrequirementsofahospitalorhealthsystem,includingservicessuchasadmissions,discharge,transfer,billing,laboratory,radiology,andothers.4.Anelectronichealthrecordisacomputerizedrecordofpatientcare.5.Computerizedproviderorderentrysystemsa
4、redesignedtominimizeerrors,increasepatientcareefficiency,andprovidedecisionsupportatthepointofentry.6.Decisionsupportsystemscanprovideproviderswithbest-practiceprotocolsandup-to-dateinformationondiseasesoracttoautomaticallyinterveneinpatientcarewhenappr
5、opriate.7.TheHealthInsurancePortabilityandAccountabilityActisacomprehensivepieceoflegislationdesignedinparttoenhancetheprivacyandsecurityofcomputerizedpatientinformation.8.ProvidersareincreasinglyabletocareforpatientsatadistanceviatheInternet,andtelemed
6、icinewillcontinuetogrowasthetechnologyimproves,reimbursementbecomesavailable,andlegislationevolves.ComputerHardwareCentralProcessingUnitThecentralprocessingunit(CPU)isthe“brain”ofamoderncomputer.Itsitsonthemotherboard,whichisthecomputer'sskeletonandnerv
7、oussystem,andcommunicateswiththerestofthecomputerandtheworldthroughavarietyof“peripherals.”Informationtravelsthroughthecomputeron“buses,”whicharethecomputer'sinformationhighwaysor“nerves,”intheformof“bits.”Bitsareaggregatedintomeaningfulinformationinexa
8、ctlythesamewaythatdotsanddashesareusedinMorsecode.Bitsarethebuildingblocksforboththeinstructions,orprograms,andthedata,orfiles,withwhichthecomputerworks.Today'sCPUisaremarkablepieceofengineering,totallycomparableinscopeandscaleto
