米勒麻醉学第七版序列8.pdf

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1、w页码，1/25(W)8–TeachingAnesthesiaAlanJaySchwartzKeyPoints1.Educationisanall-encompassingprocess(notmerelyaspecificactivity)thatresultsinachangeinbehavioronthepartofthestudent/learner.Thefocusofeducationisthelearner,nottheteacher.Itisthestudentwhoiseducatedbyinteracting

2、withanenvironmentthatprovidesexperiences.Educationischangeinbehaviorbasedonexperiences.2.Adultlearnerslearnanesthesiology.Adultlearnersarethosewithstrongmotivationtoparticipateinasetofexperiencestolearnaspecificdiscipline.Thedisciplinethattheywanttolearnisonethatthey

3、areinterestedinorneedtoknow,orboth.Adultlearnersparticipateinlife-centeredsituationallearningintheareaorareasinwhichrelevanceismostlikely.Adultlearnersenterthelearningactivitywithawealthofpreviousexperienceandviewthecurrenteducationinlightoftheirbackground.Adultlearn

4、erscancapitalizeonthispreviouslearning;however,thepreviouslearningmaycolorhowthecurrentlearningtakesplace.Adultlearnersareself-directedandinitiatetheirownactivities.Adultlearningisgoalorientedtowardrelevantlife-centeredneeds.Anadultlearnertendstopickandchoosesome,not

5、necessarilyall,oftheeducationalactivitiesavailable.Inherentdifferencesamongpeopletendtoincreasewithaging.Adulteducationmustprovidefordifferencesinstyle,time,place,andpaceoflearningamongadultlearners.Thetimefactorforlearningisespeciallycrucialforadults.Adultsperceivet

6、hattimepassesmorerapidly;thatis,thereislesstimeavailabletolearn—ortodoanythingforthatmatter.Withtimeperceivedtobeinshortsupply,adultlearnerstendtobeselectiveintheirlearningtousewhattimetheyhavemoreefficiently.3.In2006,therewere4970residentanesthesiologistsin131accred

7、itedAmericancoreanesthesiologyresidencyprogramsand360subspecialtyresidentsin213accreditedAmericansubspecialtyanesthesiologyprograms.4.Silberandcolleagues,[29]intheirstudyofalmost6000patientsundergoingprostateorgallbladdersurgeryinmultiplehospitals,demonstratedthatpat

8、ientrecoveryor“rescue”fromanadverseeventcorrelatedwiththeproportionofboard-certifiedanesthesiologistsinthehospital.5.TheAccreditati