供应链管理(第112讲).ppt

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1、Chapter7ManagingEconomiesofScaleintheSupplyChain:CycleInventorySupplyChainManagement1OutlineRoleofCycleInventoryinaSupplyChainEconomiesofScaletoExploitFixedCostsEconomiesofScaletoExploitQuantityDiscountsShort-TermDiscounting:TradePromotionsEstimatingCycleInventory-RelatedCostsinPractice

2、2第7章获取供应链规模经济的手段：循环库存一、循环库存在供应链中的作用二、利用固定成本获取规模经济三、利用数量折扣获取规模经济四、短期折扣：商业促销五、在实践中估测与循环库存相关的费用3循环库存产生原因——规模经济大批量生产与采购订购与运输数量折扣与促销4RoleofInventoryintheSupplyChainCostAvailabilityEfficiencyResponsiveness5RoleofCycleInventoryinaSupplyChainLot,orbatchsize:quantitythatasupplychainstageeitherpr

3、oducesorordersatagiventimeCycleinventory:averageinventorythatbuildsupinthesupplychainbecauseasupplychainstageeitherproducesorpurchasesinlotsthatarelargerthanthosedemandedbythecustomerQ=lotorbatchsizeofanorderD=demandperunittimeInventoryprofile:plotoftheinventorylevelovertime(Fig.7.1)Cyc

4、leinventory=Q/2(dependsdirectlyonlotsize)Averageflowtime=Avginventory/AvgflowrateAverageflowtimefromcycleinventory=Q/(2D)6RoleofCycleInventoryinaSupplyChainQ=1000unitsD=100units/dayCycleinventory=Q/2=1000/2=500=AvginventorylevelfromcycleinventoryAvgflowtime=Q/2D=1000/(2)(100)=5daysCycle

5、inventoryadds5daystothetimeaunitspendsinthesupplychainLowercycleinventoryisbetterbecause:AverageflowtimeislowerWorkingcapitalrequirementsarelowerLowerinventoryholdingcosts7RoleofCycleInventoryinaSupplyChainCycleinventoryisheldprimarilytotakeadvantageofeconomiesofscaleinthesupplychainSup

6、plychaincostsinfluencedbylotsize:Materialcost=CFixedorderingcost=SHoldingcost=H=hC(h=costofholding$1ininventoryforoneyear)Primaryroleofcycleinventoryistoallowdifferentstagestopurchaseproductinlotsizesthatminimizethesumofmaterial,ordering,andholdingcostsIdeally,cycleinventorydecisionsshou

7、ldconsidercostsacrosstheentiresupplychain,butinpractice,eachstagegenerallymakesitsownsupplychaindecisions–increasestotalcycleinventoryandtotalcostsinthesupplychain8循环库存在供应链中的作用循环库存指供应链中建立的平均库存量Q：订购批量R：单位时间需求量（假设需求量不变）循环库存＝批量库存/2＝Q/2循环库存平均周转时间＝循环库存/需求量＝Q/2R为减少市场波动，公司理想循环库存