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1、HigherVocationalEnglishUnit1:InternetandComputersBackgroundReferences1．TheinventionofthefirstcomputerintheworldbyJohnMauchlyandJ.PresperEckertin1946.BackgroundReferencesIn1943JohnMauchly,anAmericanphysicist,andJ.PresperEckert,anAmericanengineer,proposedanelectronicdigitalcomputer,calledtheElectroni
2、cNumericalIntegratorAndComputer(ENIAC),whichwasbuiltattheMooreSchoolofEngineeringattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphia.ThecomputerwasbasedonsomeconceptsdevelopedbyJohnAtanasoff,aphysicsteacheratIowaStateCollege,whowouldusedthevacuumtubestospeedupcalculations.BackgroundReferencesIttooktheresea
3、rchteamaboutoneyeartodesigntheENIACand18monthsand500,000taxdollarstobuilditwiththesupportofAmericanmilitary.ENIACwascompletedin1946andisregardedasthefirstsuccessful,generaldigitalcomputer.Itcontained17,468vacuumtubes,alongwith70,000resistors,10,000capacitors,1,500relays,6,000manualswitchesand5milli
4、onsolderedjoints.Itcovered1800squarefeet(167squaremeters)offloorspace,weighed30tons,consumed160kilowattsofelectricalpower.BackgroundReferencesManyofENIAC'sfirsttaskswereformilitarypurposes,suchascalculatingballisticfiringtablesanddesigningatomicweapons.TheENIACisimportanthistorically,becauseitlaidt
5、hefoundationsforthemodernelectroniccomputingindustry.Morethananyothermachine,theENIACdemonstratedthathigh-speeddigitalcomputingwaspossibleusingthethen-availablevacuumtubetechnology.BackgroundReferences2．William(Bill)H.GatesBackgroundReferencesBILLGATESischairmanandchiefsoftwarearchitectofMicrosoftC
6、orporation,theleadingprovider,worldwide,ofsoftwareforthepersonalcomputer.BornonOctober28,1955,GatesandhistwosistersgrewupinSeattle.HeattendedpublicelementaryschoolandtheprivateLakesideSchoolwherehebeganhiscareerinpersonalcomputersoftware,programmingcomputersat13.In1973,GatesenteredHarvardUniversity
7、asafreshman.BackgroundReferencesButinhisjunioryear,GatesdroppedoutofHarvardtodevotehisenergiestoMicrosoft,acompanyhebeganin1975withPaulAllenwholeftthecompanyin1983.GatesoversawtheinventionandmarketingoftheM
