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1、定语从句(形容词性从句)在句中修饰名词或代词的从句,因其修饰作用相当于形容词,故称形容词性从句,即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,区别定语从句和名词性从句的最简易的办法就是看从句前有无被修饰的先行词。引导定语从句的关系词既起着联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。这些关系词包括:1)关系代词:先行词为人:________、_________、_______、________。先行词为物:________、________、________、________。2)关系副词:_________、_______、________。注意:引导定语从句的关系词和引导
2、名词性从句的连接词有许多是共用的,但它们在从句中的作用有所不同,注意区别。尤其要注意的是what只能引导名词性从句,不能引导定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后,但有时也被一个短语隔开。例如:Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.1.关系代词的用法:关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语等成分。Thecomrade______visitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.(作主语)Heisnolongertheman______heusedtobe.(作表语)Thisisthebook
3、______Ireferredtoinmytalk.(作宾语)WeiFangisthestudent______homecaughtfirelastweek.(作定语)使用关系代词值得注意以下几点:①that,which在从句中作主语时,不能省略;作宾语时,在口语和非正式语中经常省略。whom也常可省略。例如:Heistheman(whom)youhavebeenlookingfor.(作宾语)②that,which在从句中作主语时,如果先行词前面有序数词、最高级以及有theonly,thevery等修饰时,只能用that,不能用which。如果先行词是all,every
4、thing,anything,nothing,none,few,little,much等不定代词;或是先行词被all,every,some,any,no,few,little等不定代词修饰时,一般要用that,但是something后面既可用that也可用which。例如:Titanicisthebestfilm______hasbeenshownthisyear.Theonlything______mattersistofindourwayhome.Thisistheverymagazine______youareafter.I’lldoall______Icantoh
5、elpyou.Isthereanything______Icandoforyouintown?Thereissomething______keepsworryingme.“有一件事一直令我不安。③如果主句是由who,which,what引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,先行词后的引导词要用that,而不用who或which。例如:Whoistheman______isreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Whichisthedictionary______youboughtyesterday?注意:当先行词是anyone,those,he,she等代词表“
6、人”时,一般用who而不用that。同时要注意主谓一致的问题,即从句中谓语动词的数要由who所指代的“人”所决定.Anyonewhowantsaticketpleasesignyournamehere.ThosewhowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7:30p.m.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.④whose在定语从句中置于名词之前,充当定语,既可指人,又可指物。whosexx=thexxofwhich(指物)/whom(指人)。例如:Pleasepass
7、methedictionarywhosecoverisblack.(指物)=Pleasepassmethedictionary___________________isblack.Thedoctor,whosenamewasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.(指人)=Thedoctor,_________________wasJohnson,livedinasmalltowninthenorthofEngland.⑤介词+关系代词的用法关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,不能用th