人卫7版微生物chapter7细菌的感染与免疫.ppt

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1、Chapter7BacterialInfectionandimmunityBasictermsBacterialinfection（细菌的感染）Pathogen（病原菌）Nonpathogen（非病原菌）Opportunisticpathogen（机会致病菌）BacterialInfection细菌的感染Theprocessofbacteriainvadinginthebody,growinginthetissues,producingtoxinsandcausingdiseasesiscalledbacterialinfection.Patho

2、gen（病原菌）Pathogenicbacterium（致病菌）Thebacteriumwhichcancauseadiseaseiscalledpathogen.Nonpathogen（非病原菌）Nonpathogenicbacterium（非致病菌）Abacteriumthatdoesnotcausediseaseiscallednonpathogen.Opportunisticpathogen（机会致病菌）Conditionedpathogen（条件致病菌）Somebacteriaarecapableofcausingdiseasesonly

3、undercertainconditions.Theseorganismscancausediseaseonlyifoneormoreoftheusualdefencemechanismshumanshaveevolvedtorestrictmicroorganismsfromtheirusuallysterileinternalorgansandtissuearebreachedbyaccident,byintent(e.g.surgery),orbyanunderlyingmetabolicoraninfectiousdisorder(e.g.

4、AIDS).OutlineNormalfloraandopportunisticpathogenBacterialpathogenesisThehostimmunedefencesystemTheinitiationandcourseofinfectionHospitalinfectionSection1Normalfloraandopportunisticpathogen★Normalflora（正常菌群）Normalmicrobialflora（正常微生物群）Thepopulationofmicroorganismsthatinhabitthe

5、skinandmucousmembranesofhealthypersons.Theyareusuallyharmless,someevenbeneficial,tohuman’shealth.LocationsSurfacetissuesofskinOralcavityRespiratorytractGastrointestinaltractGenitourinarytractNormalfloraonintestinalmucosa肠道的正常菌群PrimeoflifeSenium★Beneficialeffectsofthenormalflor

6、aBiologicalantagonism（生物拮抗）Productionofessentialnutrients（营养作用）Primingofimmunesystem（免疫作用）Anti-aging（抗衰老作用）Anti-tumor（抗肿瘤作用）Biologicalantagonism(生物拮抗)Biologicalbarriers（生物屏障）Receptorcompetition（受体竞争）Harmfulmetabolites（有害代谢产物）Nutrientcompetition（营养竞争）Conditionedpathogen（条件致病菌）S

7、omebacteriaarecapableofcausingdiseasesonlyundercertainconditions.Thesebacteriaarecalledopportunistic(conditioned)pathogensandthiskindofinfectioniscalledopportunisticinfection（机会性感染）.★Opportunisticpathogen（机会致病菌）★ConditionsofopportunisticinfectionChangeofinhabitingplaces（寄居部位改变

8、）Immunesystemcompromise（宿主免疫功能低下）Dysbacteriosis（菌群失调）Dysbacte