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ID:50259401
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页数:23页
时间:2020-03-11
《物理化学专业术语.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、物理化学术语PhysicalChemicalTerms第十课1.changesofstateSolidliquidgasSolidgasfusioncrystallizationvaporizationcondensationsublimationdepositionliquefactionmelting2.FluidityofasubstanceViscosity:TheresistanceofasubstancetoflowSurfacetension:theamountofenergyrequiredtoexpandt
2、hesurfaceofaliquidbyaunitarea.Impartsmembrane-likebehaviortothesurface.3.SolidAmorphoussolid:asubstanceinwhichtheatoms,molecules,orionshavearandomandnonrepetitivethree-dimensionalarrangement.Crystallinesolid:asubstanceinwhichtheatoms,molecules,orionshaveacharacteri
3、sticregular,andrepetitivethree-dimensionalarrangement.3.1CrystalCrystal:asolidthathasashapeboundedbyplanesurfacesintersectingatfixedanglesSpacelattice:asystemofpointsrepresentingsiteswithidenticalenvironmentsinthesameorientationinthecrystalUnitcell:themostconvenien
4、tsmallpartofaspacelattice,ifrepeatedinthreedimension,willgeneratetheentirelattice.3.1.1Unitcell:Primitiveunitcell:aunitcellinwhichonlythecornersareoccupiedMultipleunitcell:containotherlatticepointsinadditiontothoseatthecornersTheoreticaldensity:themassoftheunitcell
5、dividedbythevolumeoftheunitcellPolymorphous:abletocrystallizeinmorethanonecrystalstructureIsomorphous:havethesamecrystalstructure4.SolutionSaturatedsolution:theconcentrationofdissolvedsoluteisequaltothatwhichwouldbeinequilibriumwithundissolvedsoluteunderthegivencon
6、ditions.Solubility:theconcentrationofasaturatedsolution.unsaturatedsolution:candissolvemoresolute.Supersaturatedsolution:holdsmoresolutethanwouldbeinequilibriumwithundissolvedsolute4.1miscibilityMiscibility:themutualsolubilityoftwosubstancesinthesamephase.Likedisso
7、lveslike:Substancesthataresimilarinstructure,bonding,andespeciallyinintermolecularforcestendtobehighlyoreveninfinitelymiscible.Immisicible:4.2IdealsolutionIdealsolutionofamolecular:theforcesbetweenallparticleofbothsolventandsoluteareidentical.Idealsolutionofanionic
8、solute:theionsinsolutionareindependentofeachotherandattractedonlytosolventmolecules.Henry’slaw:Atconstanttemperature,thepartialpressureofagasover
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