物理化学专业术语.ppt

物理化学专业术语.ppt

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时间:2020-03-11

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1、物理化学术语PhysicalChemicalTerms第十课1.changesofstateSolidliquidgasSolidgasfusioncrystallizationvaporizationcondensationsublimationdepositionliquefactionmelting2.FluidityofasubstanceViscosity:TheresistanceofasubstancetoflowSurfacetension:theamountofenergyrequiredtoexpandt

2、hesurfaceofaliquidbyaunitarea.Impartsmembrane-likebehaviortothesurface.3.SolidAmorphoussolid:asubstanceinwhichtheatoms,molecules,orionshavearandomandnonrepetitivethree-dimensionalarrangement.Crystallinesolid:asubstanceinwhichtheatoms,molecules,orionshaveacharacteri

3、sticregular,andrepetitivethree-dimensionalarrangement.3.1CrystalCrystal:asolidthathasashapeboundedbyplanesurfacesintersectingatfixedanglesSpacelattice:asystemofpointsrepresentingsiteswithidenticalenvironmentsinthesameorientationinthecrystalUnitcell:themostconvenien

4、tsmallpartofaspacelattice,ifrepeatedinthreedimension,willgeneratetheentirelattice.3.1.1Unitcell:Primitiveunitcell:aunitcellinwhichonlythecornersareoccupiedMultipleunitcell:containotherlatticepointsinadditiontothoseatthecornersTheoreticaldensity:themassoftheunitcell

5、dividedbythevolumeoftheunitcellPolymorphous:abletocrystallizeinmorethanonecrystalstructureIsomorphous:havethesamecrystalstructure4.SolutionSaturatedsolution:theconcentrationofdissolvedsoluteisequaltothatwhichwouldbeinequilibriumwithundissolvedsoluteunderthegivencon

6、ditions.Solubility:theconcentrationofasaturatedsolution.unsaturatedsolution:candissolvemoresolute.Supersaturatedsolution:holdsmoresolutethanwouldbeinequilibriumwithundissolvedsolute4.1miscibilityMiscibility:themutualsolubilityoftwosubstancesinthesamephase.Likedisso

7、lveslike:Substancesthataresimilarinstructure,bonding,andespeciallyinintermolecularforcestendtobehighlyoreveninfinitelymiscible.Immisicible:4.2IdealsolutionIdealsolutionofamolecular:theforcesbetweenallparticleofbothsolventandsoluteareidentical.Idealsolutionofanionic

8、solute:theionsinsolutionareindependentofeachotherandattractedonlytosolventmolecules.Henry’slaw:Atconstanttemperature,thepartialpressureofagasover

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