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1、ComputationalContactMechanicsPeterWriggersComputationalContactMechanicsSecondEditionWith258Figuresand12TablesABCProf.Dr.-Ing.PeterWriggersInstituteofMechanicsandComputationalMechanicsUniversityofHannoverApplestr.9A30167HannoverGermanye-mail:wriggers@ibnm.u
2、ni-hannover.deLibraryofCongressControlNumber:2006922005ISBN-103-540-32608-1SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkISBN-13978-3-540-32608-3SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkThisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned
3、,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.DuplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSepte
4、mber9,1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.ViolationsareliableforprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMediaspringer.comFirstedition2002publishedbyJohnWiley&SonsLtdcSpringer-
5、VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2006PrintedinTheNetherlandsTheuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforef
6、reeforgeneraluse.TypesettingbySPIPublisherServicesusingaSpringerLATEXmacropackageCoverdesign:EstudioCalamar,ViladasensPrintedonacid-freepaperSPIN:1156234462/3100/SPI-543210PrefaceContactmechanicshasitsapplicationinmanyengineeringproblems.Noonecanwalkwithou
7、tfrictionalcontact,andnocarwouldmoveforthesamerea-son.Hencecontactmechanicshas,fromanengineeringpointofview,alonghistory,beginninginancientEgyptwiththemovementoflargestoneblocks,overfirstexperimentalcontributionsfromleadingscientistslikeLeonardodaVinciandCo
8、ulomb,totoday’scomputationalmethods.Inthepastcon-tactconditionswereoftenmodelledinengineeringanalysisbymoresimpleboundaryconditionssinceanalyticalsolutionswerenotpresentforrealworldapplications.Insuchcases,on