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1、FlexibleManufacturingSystemsThevariousindividualmanufacturingsystemsthatwereintroducedthroughoutthisbookcanbeincorporatedintoasinglelarge-scalesysteminwhichtheproductionofpartsiscontrolledwiththeaidofacentralcompute匸Theadvantageofsuchaproductionsystemisitshighflexibilityintermsof
2、thesmalleffortandshorttimerequiredtomanufactureanewproduct,andthereforeitisdenotedasaflexiblemanufacturingsystem(FMS).TheFMSprovidestheefficiencyofmassproductionforbatchproduction.Thetermbatchproductionisappliedtopartsmanufacturedinlotsrangingfromseveralunitstomorethan50,forwhich
3、thetotalannualdemandisfewerthan,say,100,000units.Thetermmassproductionapplieswhenhigherannualproductionratesarerequired,andthemtheuseofspecial-purposemachinetoolsmaycost100timesasmuchastomanufacturethesamepartbythemostefficientmassproductionmethods.Asanexample,consideracomplexmas
4、s-producedpartwithwhichalmosteveryoneisfamiliar:thecylinderblockforatypicalV-8automobileengine.Undermassproductionconditions,wheretheengineblockisconveyedautomaticallyalongatransferline,withthevariousoperations(drilling,tapping,boring,milling,andsoon)beingexecutedinsequenceatthed
5、ifferentstationsalongtheline,thecompletemachiningcost(excludingtherawmaterial)wouldbeontheorderof$25.If,however,onlyafewspecialcylinderblocksweretobemadew让hmachinetoolsandskilledlabor,themachiningcostperblockcouldeasilyrisefrom$25to$2500ormore.BymakinguseofFMStechnologyitshouldbe
6、possibletoreducethecostofproducingpartsinsmallandmediumquantities・ExistingFMSsintheUnitedStatesaretypicallymadeupofmachiningcentersworkinginconcertwithothertypesofmachines,allunderthecontrolofacentralcompute匚Theworkpiecesareonpallets,whichmovethroughoutthesystem,transferredbytowl
7、ines(ordrag-chain)locatedbeneaththefloororbysomeothermechanism.TheseFMSslimithandlingbytheoperatorsandcanbemorereadilyreprogrammedtohandlenewrequirements.FutureFMSswillcontainmanymanufacturingcells,eachcellconsistingofarobotservingseveralCNCmachinetoolsorotherstand-alonesystemssu
8、chasaninspectionmachine,awelder,anEDMmac
