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1、.外文资料原文DatabaseSystems1.IntroductiontoDatabaseSystemToday,morethanatanyprevioustime,thesuccessofanorganizationdependsonitsabilitytoacquireaccurateandtimelydataaboutitsoperation,tomanagethisdataeffectively,andtouseittoanalyzeandguideitsactivities.Phrasessuch
2、astheinformationsuperhighwayhavebecomeubiquitous,andinformationprocessingisarapidlygrowingmultibilliondollarindustry.Theamountofinformationavailabletousisliterallyexploding,andthevalueofdataasanorganizationalassetisbeingwidelyrecognized.Thisparadoxdrivesthe
3、needforincreasinglypowerfulandflexibledatamanagementsystems.Adatabaseisacollectionofdata,typicallydescribingtheactivitiesofoneormorerelatedorganizations.Forexample,auniversitydatabasemightcontaininformationaboutthefollowing.●Entitiessuchasstudents,faculty,c
4、ourses,andclassrooms.●Relationshipsbetweenentities,suchasstudents’enrollmentincourses,facultyteachingcourses,andtheuseofroomsforcourses.Adatabasemanagementsystem,orDBMS,issoftwaredesignedtoassistinmaintainingandutilizinglargecollectionsofdata,andtheneedfors
5、uchsystems,aswellastheiruse,isgrowingrapidly.ThealternativetousingaDBMSistouseadhocapproachesthatdonotcarryoverfromoneapplicationtoanother,forexample,tostorethedatainfilesandwriteapplication-specificcodetomanageit.Theareaofdatabasemanagementsystemsisamicroc
6、osmofcomputerscienceingeneral.Theissuesaddressedandthetechniquesusedspanawidespectrum,includinglanguages,object-orientationandotherprogrammingparadigms,compilation,operatingsystems...concurrentprogramming,datastructures,algorithms,theory,parallelanddistribu
7、tedsystems,userinterfaces,expertsystemsandartificialintelligence,statisticaltechniques,anddynamicprogramming.Databasemanagementcontinuestogainimportanceasmoreandmoredataisbroughton-line,andmadeevermoreaccessiblethroughcomputernetworking.Todaythefieldisbeing
8、drivenbyexcitingvisionssuchasmultimediadatabases,interactivevideo,digitallibraries,ahostofscientificprojectssuchasthehumangenomemappingeffortandNASA’sEarthObservationSystemproject,andthedesireofcompani
