英语句子成分.ppt

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1、英语句法（一）语法系列之－－英语句子的基本成分有8种：主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)补语(complement)表语(predicative)同位语(Appositive)主语：1)Mr.Chenisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandsixiseight.4)Smokingisharmfultohealth.5)ToswiminKunm

2、ingLakeisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等．主语一般在句首。1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2)Sheseemedtired.3)Whathaveyoubeendoing?4)Whathaveyoudone?5)Hewasoftenlaughedatforthis.6)I’dratherhedidn’tcometomorrow.谓语

3、:说明主语的动作，状态或特征。　　　做谓语的词类是动词．宾语:宾语通常在及物动词和介词的后面．．1)Ithinkitrighttohelpher.2)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.3)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?4)HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodoinsummer.可以做宾语的词类是名词．代词．数词．不定式．动名词．从句等系动词：1）beseemappear2)looksoundtastesm

4、ellfeel3)getturngrowbecomego4)stayremainkeepcontinue感官类变化类维持类表语：表语通常在系动词后。1)Myuncleisaprofessor.2)Helookedtired.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.5)Ouraimwastowinmoremedals.6)HisworkisteachingFrench.7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyr

5、epairthemachines.定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子.注意：单个词常置被修饰词前，短语．从句置后．Thegirlintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.Theboyneedsacoffeecup.ThebestboyhereisTom.Thereisnothingtodotoday.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.ThisisthenewdictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.

6、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及其相应的短语或从句．句子，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、伴随、程度、目的等。位置较灵活．1)Shesingsquitewell.2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3)Hesitsthere,askingforapen.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.同位语：是在名词或代词之后，重复指代并进一步说

7、明名词或代词的成分。常置被修饰词语后．可以做同位语的词类有名词．代词．从句等．Westudentsshouldstudyhard.Weallarestudents.Bush,PresidentoftheUnitedStates,willvisitChinanextmonth.Thesuggestionthatanewbridgebebuiltherewasaccepted.Wewereoverjoyedatthenewsthatourteamhadwon.补语:补充说明主语或宾语.做“宾补”时在宾语后，

8、做“主补”时在谓语后．可以做补语的词类与可以做表语的词类相同．1)Thegovernmentappointed（任命）herchiefdelegate（代表）totheconference.2)Idon’tbelievethestorytrue.3)Youshouldputyourthingsinorder.4)Thedoctoradvisedhertostayinbedforaweek.5)Wesawthepupilsplayingbas