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1、Chapter38&39省略，倒装PartEllipsis省略省略和替代一样，也是一种避免重复，突出关键词语并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。eg.Tomis(playingfortheschool),Peterwillbe(playingfortheschool),andHaroldmightbeplayingfortheschool.Somebooksaretobetasted,others(are)tobeswallowed,andsomefew(are)tobechewedanddigested
2、.并列结构中的省略eg.PeterateacheesesandwichandPeterdrankaglassofbeer.JohnmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMarymusthavebeendoingherhomework.HissuggestionsmadeJohnhappy,buthissuggestionsmadeMaryangry.Johnwasthewinnerin1989,andBobwasthewinnerin1990.JohnlikesMaryandP
3、eterhatesMary.JohnwillmeetmyfamilytonightandJohnwillmeetmyfamilyagaintomorrow.Thatmanhasagunandhasthreatenedtouseit.Marywasterrifiedandwasclutchingmyhand.主从句中的省略(a)主句中的省略-情景省略eg.I’msorryI’vekeptyouwaitingsolong.(b)状语从句中的省略eg.JohnwillplaytheguitarifMary
4、willplaytheguitar.I’mpreparedtomeetthemwhentheylikeandwheretheylike.Shekepttheradioonwhenshewasdoinghousework.Thoughhewasinpoorhealth,hestillworkedhard.(c)名词性分句中的省略eg.Itmightrain,butIdon'tthinkitwillrain.Hehasgone,butnooneknowswherehehasgone.比较Thecupwa
5、sbrokenbysomeone,butIdon’tknow(who,bywhom).Someonehasbrokenmycup,butIdon’tknow(who,bywhom).前后主被动一致！PartII前置与倒装Fronting&Inversion前置：把在正常语序中通常较晚出现的成分移至句首，使之处于突出的位置从而受到特殊强调。a.不引起倒装的前置b.引起倒装的前置倒装：谓语动词放在主语前a.全部倒装：整个谓语动词放在主语前b.部分倒装：谓语动词的一部分放在主语前不引起倒装的前置eg.Ve
6、rystrangeitseemed.AscandalIcallit.Joanhegavenothing,butGeorgehegave10dollars.(b)引起倒装的前置eg.Happyindeedarethosewhoreceivemarvelousnewsafteralongsilence.主补前置，主语长或复杂，全部倒装前置宾语是“nota+n.”或“notasingle+n.”，部分倒装eg.IlostafortuneatRoyalAscot(皇家赛马会).Notasinglewinne
7、rdidIbackthewholemeeting.最常见：状语前置引起的倒装(a)某些副词放句首，如here,there,now,then,in,out,up,down,off,away等，主语是名词，谓语是come,go等表示移动或be,live,lie,sit,stand等表示存在的动词，全部倒装eg.Herecomesataxi!Therestandsagood-lookinggirl.Incameamaninarmyuniform.比较Hereitcomes!(b)句首状语是表示地点的介词词
8、组，全部倒装eg.Onahillinfrontofthemstoodagreatcastle.Inthischapterwillbefoundapartialanswer.(c)否定状语放句首：never,seldom,rarely,notuntil,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…when,little,not,nowhere,atnotime,bynomeans,innocase,
