有机化学双语版+Review+1.ppt

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1、AReviewof“OrganicChemistry”inFirstTermPartASomeImportantConceptsandStructure1.DifferentkindsofOrganicCompounds.SaturatedCompd.AlkanesCycloalkanesAlkylhalidesAlcoholsUnsaturatedCompd.AlkenesAlkynesDieneArenesReactiveintermediatesAlkylAllylicBenzylCarbocatio

2、nsRadicalsCatomsHybrizationGeometricstructure2.FormationofChemicalbonds.C–CσbondC–HσbondC=CdoublebondsTriplebondsStructure3.Bilingualnomenclature.4.IsomersConstitutionalStereoisomersConformersStereoisomersConfigurationalisomersEnatiomers(R,S)DiatereomersMe

3、so-isomersRacemicmixtureChiralAchiralOpticalSymetricUnsymetricMole.cis-transIsomers:(Z),(E)OpticalactivitySymetricelementsNewmanFischerProjectionsChairconformation5.AromaticityReso-naceformProblem1ThestructureofComp.Aisrepresentedbytheconstitutionshown:(a)

4、Howmanyoftheopticalisomers?(b)WritetheFischerprojectionsoftheopticalisomersandgivetheIUPACnames.(c)SightdowntheC3–C4bond,anddrawthemoststableNewmanprojectionformulasoftheopticalisomers.(d)Identifytherelationshipoftheseopticalisomers.6.Organicacidsandbases7

5、.SubstitutenteffectsProblem2Writeastructuralformulaforthemoststableconformationoftheeachofthefollowingcompounds:(a)cis-Cyclohexadiol.(b)trans-4-tert-Butyl-1-methylcyclohexane.(c)Givethestableconformer.PartB.OrganicReactionsRadicalReactionsHalogenationofalk

6、anes.α-Halogenationofalkenes.ReactionsofNBS.d.Anti-Markovnikovaddition:(HBr–ROOR)2.NucleophilicSubstitutionsSubstratesNucleophilea.Alkylhalidesb.Alcohols:HX,PX3,SOCl2TSClorMsClROTsI-3.Elimination4.ElectrophilicadditonsSubstratesElectrophilesAlkenesAlkynesC

7、onjugateddienesHX,X2,X2+H2O,H+/H2O(HgSO4/H2SO4/H2O)B2H6/H2O2–OH-,1,2-adddition1,4-additioncycloaddition5.AromaticElectrophilicsubstitutionsHalogenationNitrationSufonationFriedel-Craftsreactions6.HydrogenationsAlkenesDienesH2/Pd,Ni…AlkynesAlkanescis-Alkenes

8、H2Pd,Ni…NaorLiLiq.NH3H2Lindlar-PdorP-2Catalysttrans-Alkenes7.OxidationsAlkenesAldehydesorKetonesAlkynesCarboxylAcidsAlkylbenzens:Na2Cr2O7/H+BenzoicacidPartC.OrganicSynthesisOrganicSynthesisThetransformationof