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1、FEATUREpubs.acs.org/estDomesticWastewaterTreatmentasaNetEnergyProducerCanThisbeAchieved?,†,‡‡‡PerryL.McCarty,*JaehoBae,andJeonghwanKim†DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,StanfordUniversity,473ViaOrtegaMC4020,Stanford,California94305,UnitedStates‡DepartmentofEnvi
2、ronmentalEngineering,INHAUniversity,Namgu,Yonghyundong253,Incheon,RepublicofKoreamoreefficientwaterandnutrientrecoveryfromwastewaterareimportantgoalsinthemselves,thefocusofthisarticleishowwecanmorecompletelyrecoverwastewater’senergycontent.Wastewatertreatmentaccountsforabout
3、3%oftheU.S.4electricalenergyload,similartothatinotherdeveloped5countries.Theenergyneedsforatypicaldomesticwastewatertreatmentplantemployingaerobicactivatedsludgetreatment3andanaerobicsludgedigestionis0.6kWh/mofwastewatertreated,abouthalfofwhichisforelectricalenergytosupply
4、air3,5fortheaerationbasins.Withconventionalapproachesinvolv-ingaerobictreatmentaquartertohalfofaplantsenergyneedsmightbesatisfiedbyusingtheCH4biogasproducedduringanaerobicdigestion,andotherplantmodificationsmightfurther4’INTRODUCTIONreduceenergyneedsconsiderably.However,ifmo
5、reoftheenergypotentialinwastewaterwerecapturedforuseandevenWater,food,andenergyarethreeofthemajorresourceissueslesswereusedforwastewatertreatment,thenwastewatertreatmentfacingtheworldtoday.Inordertohelpaddresstheseissues,mightbecomeanetenergyproducerratherthanaconsumer.dom
6、esticwastewaterisnowbeinglookedatmoreasaresourceEnergyPotentialinDomesticWastewater.Table1containsthanasawaste,aresourceforwater,forenergy,andfortheplant1asummaryofthreeenergy-relatedcharacteristicsofdomesticfertilizingnutrients,nitrogen(N)andphosphorus(P).Useofwastewater:
7、theenergyresourcecontainedinwastewaterorgan-reclaimedwastewaterforlandscapeandcropirrigationandics,theexternalfossil-fuelenergyrequirementsfortheproduc-indeedfordomesticconsumptionisawidelyacceptedandtionofequivalentamountsofthefertilizingelementsNandP,growingpracticetosav
8、ewaterandtomakeuseofthefertilizingandtheenergythatmightbegainedfromwastewater’sthermalele
