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1、简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子种类:两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定)Heissixyearsold.Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?3)祈使句Becareful,boys.Don'ttalkinclass.4)感叹句Howclevertheboyis!Howwellyouwrite!Howstrangeafeelingitwas!Whatstrangefe
2、elingstheyare!Whatusefulinformationitis!Whatafinedayitis!2、按句子的结构可分三种:1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句:由并列连词(and,but,or,so,for等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphiman
3、dhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。Itwashereyesterday,thereforeitcannotbelost.3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.Thathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Hismother,wholovedhimv
4、erymuch,diedin1818.二、简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语e.g.Heisastudent.2、主语+不及物动词e.g.Weworkhard.3、主语+及物动词+宾语e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.常接双宾语的动词有:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,,sell,send,,serve,show,teach,tell,write;buy,call,fetch,get,leave,ma
5、ke,order,prepare,reach,singetc.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.常接复合宾语的动词见句子成分分析。注:其他各种句子都可由这几种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。三、并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher'snameisSmith,andthestudent'snameisJohn.2、表示选择,常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,
6、oryou'llmissthetrain.3、表示转折,常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.四、复合句的分类一)名词性从句:名词性从句包
7、括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句名词性从句:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.宾语Idon’tlikehisjob.I