托福阅读长难句(pdf).ppt

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1、托福阅读第二讲托福阅读长难句本节课授课目标1.句子的主要成分2.句子之间的逻辑关系3.长难句综合分析4.句子简化题的标识和出题形式5.解答句子简化题句子的主干句子的主干指的是句子的核心信息。包括句子的主要成分和主要的逻辑关系。长难句各个成分的识别：定语从句Overlongperiodsoftime,substanceswhosephysicalandchemicalpropertieschangewiththeambientclimateatthetimecanbedepositedinasystematicwaytoprovideacontinuousrecordofcha

2、ngesinthosepropertiesovertime,sometimesforhundredsorthousandsofyears.定语从句ThesheerscaleoftheinvestmentittooktobegincommercialexpansionatseareflectstheimmensityoftheprofitsthatsuchEast-Westtradecouldcreate.名词性从句Inlowlandcountryalmostanyspotonthegroundmayoverliewhatwasoncethebedofariverthathas

3、sincebecomeburiedbysoil;iftheyarenowbelowthewater’suppersurface(thewatertable),thegravelsandsandsoftheformerriverbed,anditssandbars,willbesaturatedwithgroundwater.名词性从句Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardt

4、ogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.名词性从句WesternFarmersborrowedwiththeconfidentexpectationthattheexpandingeconomywouldkeepfarmpriceshigh,thusmakingiteasytorepayloanswhentheyfelldue.状语从句Inorderforthestructuretoachievethesizeandstrengthnecessarytomeetitspurpose,arch

5、itectureemploysmethodsofsupportthat,becausetheyarebasedonphysicallaws,havechangedlittlesincepeoplefirstdiscoveredthem—evenwhilebuildingmaterialshavechangeddramatically.状语从句Immediatelyadjacenttothetimberline,thetundraconsistsofafairlycompletecoveroflow-lyingshrubs,herbs,andgrasses,whilehighe

6、rupthenumberanddiversityofspeciesdecreaseuntilthereismuchbaregroundwithoccasionalmossesandlichensandsomeprostratecushionplants.非谓语动词With"climax,""biome,""superorganism,"andvariousothertechnicaltermsfortheassociationofanimalsandplantsatagivenlocalitybeingcriticized,theterm"ecosystem"wasmorea

7、ndmorewidelyadoptedforthewholesystemofassociatedorganismstogetherwiththephysicalfactorsoftheirenvironment.n.+todo/ed/ing/介词短语attemptstolinkimageswithrecordedsoundcropsraisedbywesternfarmerspumpsextractingwaterfromwatertableassociationsofplantsandanimalsa