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1、HealthcareinChina:arural-urbancomparisonafterthesocioeconomicreformsLeiyuShi1ThisarticleprovidesanoverviewofthecurrentChinesehealthcaresystemwithparticularemphasisonrural-urbandifferences.China'spost-1978economicreforms,althoughtheyimprovedgenerallivingstandards,createdsomeunintendedconseq
2、uences,asevidencedbythedisintegrationoftheruralco-operativemedicalsystemandthesharpreductioninthenumberof"barefootdoctors"bothofwhichwereessentialelementsintheimprovementofhealthstatusinruralChina.Theincreaseintheelderlypopulationandtheirlackofhealthinsuranceandpensionswillalsoplaceenormou
3、spressureonser-vicesfortheircare.Thesechangeshavedisproportionatelyaffectedtheruralhealthcaresystem,leav-ingtheurbansystembasicallyintact,andhavecontributedtotherural-urbandisparityinhealthcare.Basedonrecentdatathearticlecomparescurrentrural-urbandifferencesinhealthcarepolicy,systems,resou
4、rces,andoutcomes,andproposespotentialsolutionstoreducethem.IntroductionDespitethesesignificantachievements,Chinaisfacingnewproblems.Fromasocialpolicyperspec-Withapopulationof1130millionin1990,Chinaistive,changesinthehealthcaresystemnotonlyre-theworld'smostpopulouscountry,accountingforflect
5、healthreformmeasuresbutalsotheimpactofthe21%oftheglobalpopulationandfor28%ofthosegeneraleconomicreforms.Chinahasnowexperi-livingindevelopingcountries.(J-2).ChinaisalsotheencedthreedecadesofMaoist-styleCommunismandlargestagriculturalcountryintheworldwithoverone-and-a-halfdecadesofeconomican
6、dstructural70%ofitspopulationlivinginruralareas.aSincereformsince1978.Thiseconomicreformhasdis-1949,whenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasmantledmanyaspectsofChina'sMaoisthealthandestablished,improvedsocialconditionsandhealthmedicalsystem,includingthecooperativemedicalserviceshavegiventheChines
7、epeoplevastlyim-systeminruralareas(9,10).Demographically,agingprovedhealthstatus.Theneardoublingoflifeexpec-ofthepopulationpresentsamajorchallenge;90mil-tancyfrom1949tothepresenttime(from35yearslionpeopleareagedover60years(8.59%oftheto69years)hasputChinaonapar
