麦金泰尔 伦理学简史.pdf

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1、.'ASHORTHISTORYOF•ALASDAIRMACINTYREI'••ATOUCHSTONEBOOKPublishedbySimon&Schuster••'TOUCHSTONERockefellerCenter1230AvenueoftheAmericasNewYork,NY10020Copyright©1966byMacmillanPublishingCompany,adivisionofMacmillan,Inc.•Allrightsreserved,includingtherightof

2、reproductioninwholeorinpartinanyfottn.FirstTouchstoneEdition1996•ToucHSTONEandcolophonareregisteredtrademarksofSimon&SchusterInc.ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica2527282930282624TheLibraryofCongresshascatalogedtheMacmillaneditionasfollows:66-14209I

3、SBN:0-684-82677-1CONTENTSPrefaceVII••1ThePhilosophicalPointoftheHistoryofEthics12ThePrephilosophicalHistoryof"Good"andtheTransitiontoPhilosophy53TheSophistsandSocrates144Plato:TheGorgias265Plato:TheRepublic6PostscripttoPlato7AristotlesEthics8Postscriptt

4、oGreekEthics9Christianity11010Luther,Machiavelli,Hobbes,andSpinoza.12111NewValues14612TheBritishEighteenth-CenturyArgument15713TheFrenchEighteenth-CenturyArgument17814Kant19015HegelandMarx19916KierkegaardtoNietzsche21517Reforxners,Utilitarians,Idealists

5、22718MOdernMoralPhilosophy249-·PREFACETHISBOOKisinevitablythevictimoftheauthor'sovemumerousintentions.Themostworkadayoftheseissimplytoprovidesomehistoricalbackgroundandperspectiveforthereadingofthoseselectedtextswhichfotmthecoreofthestudyofmoralphilosop

6、hyinmostBritishandAmericanuniversities.InparticularIwantedtogivesomeaccountofGreekthoughtforthoseundergraduatestudentsrestrictedtothetreadmillofHume,Kant,Mill,andMoore.Butthisapparentlysimpleintentioniscomplicatedbymyviewsofthenatureofmoralphilosophy.Ad

7、iscussionlimitedtoanaccountofphilosophicalthemes,omittingallreferencetothemoralconceptsfortheelucidationandreconstructionofwhichthetheorieswereelaborated,wouldbeabsurd;ahistorynotonlyofmoralphilosophiesbutalsoofmoralconceptsandofthemoralitiesembodyingan

8、ddefinedbytheseconceptswouldfillthirtyvolumesandthirtyyears.Ihavethereforecontinuallycompromised,andnobodywillbesatisfiedwiththeresult.Icertainlyamnot.NoonecouldwriteinEnglishonthehistoryofmoralphilosophyandnotfeelawedbytheexampl