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1、外文翻译英文原文RIVERDIVERSION1GeneralOneofthecharacteristicsoftheriverhydraulicschemesistheessentialneedinthecourseoftheentireperiodofconstruction,todiverttheriverwaterfromthedamsite,i.e.togivepassagetothatwatecThisisensuredbymeansofaseriesofindividualstructures:temporar
2、ycofferdams,embankments,channels,andtunnels,aswellasbyutilizingthepermanentworksofthehydraulicscheme,temporarily,forthispurpose,aswell.Inselectingtheschemefordiverting,i.e.lettingthrough,theconstructionwaters,onemusttakeaccountof:thehydrological,topographical,andg
3、eological,aswellastheconstructionandeconomyconditionsofthelocalityanticipatedforconstruction,theutilizationoftheriverinthecourseofconstructionandotherwatereconomyneeds(navigation,rafting,andfloatingoflogs),etc.Apoorsolutionforgivingpassagetotheconstructionwaterlea
4、dstoslowingdowntheconstructionofthehydraulicscheme,whilethedangerofdamageisincreased.Dependingonthewidthoftheriveratthedamsiteandthequantityofconstructionwater,inthecourseofconstructionofthehydraulicschemetheriverwaterscanbeevacuatedintwomainways:multistageconstru
5、ctionandsingle-stageconstruction.1Diversionmethods(1)Single-stagemethodThemethodofconstructionofstructuresbymeansofdiversionoftheriverfromtheriverchannelisusuallyemployedwithnarrowriverchannels,aswellaswithsteepbanksduringtheconstructionofhydraulicschemeswithamedi
6、umandwithahigh-pressurehead・Inthefirstplace,thewaterconveyancestructureisconstructed;itservesfordiversionoftheconstructionwater.Thisstructuremaybeatunnel(Fig.l),channel,orpipeline・Then,theriverchannelisdammedbymeansofacofferdam,usuallyatlowerdischarges・Thismethodi
7、stoconstructupstreamanddownstreamcofferdamtoletdownwaterbythepermanentortemporaryoutletworksinthemainworks・Themainprojectiscompletedornearlycompleted,thenplugupthetemporaryoutletworks.Thewayofthisdiversion,whenconstructingaboideauattheexitofthelakes,itispossibleto
8、buildonlytheupstreamcofferdam,thatwillstoreallthewaterinthelakesattheperiodofconstruction.Inaddition,averysteepgradientofthemountainriver,ifthewaterleve
