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1、外文翻译英文原文RIVERDIVERSION1GeneralOneofthecharacteristicsoftheriverhydraulicschemesistheessentialneedinthecourseoftheentireperiodofconstruction,todiverttheriverwaterfromthedamsite,i.e.togivepassagetothatwater.Thisisensuredbymeansofaseriesofindividualstructures:
2、temporarycofferdams,embankments,channels,andtunnels,aswellasbyutilizingthepermanentworksofthehydraulicscheme,temporarily,forthispurpose,aswell.Inselectingtheschemefordiverting,i.e.lettingthrough,theconstructionwaters,onemusttakeaccountof:thehydrological,top
3、ographical,andgeological,aswellastheconstructionandeconomyconditionsofthelocalityanticipatedforconstruction,theutilizationoftheriverinthecourseofconstructionandotherwatereconomyneeds(navigation,rafting,andfloatingoflogs),etc.Apoorsolutionforgivingpassagetot
4、heconstructionwaterleadstoslowingdowntheconstructionofthehydraulicscheme,whilethedangerofdamageisincreased.Dependingonthewidthoftheriveratthedamsiteandthequantityofconstructionwater,inthecourseofconstructionofthehydraulicschemetheriverwaterscanbeevacuatedin
5、twomainways:multistageconstructionandsingle-stageconstruction.1Diversionmethods(1)Single-stagemethodThemethodofconstructionofstructuresbymeansofdiversionoftheriverfromtheriverchannelisusuallyemployedwithnarrowriverchannels,aswellaswithsteepbanksduringthecon
6、structionofhydraulicschemeswithamediumandwithahigh-pressurehead.Inthefirstplace,thewaterconveyancestructureisconstructed;itservesfordiversionoftheconstructionwater.Thisstructuremaybeatunnel(Fig.l),channel,orpipeline.Then,theriverchannelisdammedbymeansofacof
7、ferdam,usuallyatlowerdischarges.Thismethodistoconstructupstreamanddownstreamcofferdamtoletdownwaterbythepermanentortemporaryoutletworksinthemainworks.Themainprojectiscompletedornearlycompleted,thenplugupthetemporaryoutletworks.Thewayofthisdiversion,whencons
8、tructingaboideauattheexitofthelakes,itispossibletobuildonlytheupstreamcofferdam,thatwillstoreallthewaterinthelakesattheperiodofconstruction.Inaddition,averysteepgradientofthemountainriver,ifthewaterlev
