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1、外文翻译英文原文RIVERDIVERSION1GeneralOneofthecharacteristicsoftheriverhydraulicschemesistheessentialneedinthecourseoftheentireperiodofconstruction,todiverttheriverwaterfromthedamsite,i.e.togivepassagetothatwater.Thisisensuredbymeansofaseriesofindividualstructure
2、s:temporarycofferdams,embankments,channels,andtunnels,aswellasbyutilizingthepermanentworksofthehydraulicscheme,temporarily,forthispurpose,aswell.Inselectingtheschemefordiverting,i.e.lettingthrough,theconstructionwaters,onemusttakeaccountof:thehydrological
3、,topographical,andgeological,aswellastheconstructionandeconomyconditionsofthelocalityanticipatedforconstruction,theutilizationoftheriverinthecourseofconstructionandotherwatereconomyneeds(navigation,rafting,andfloatingoflogs),etc.Apoorsolutionforgivingpass
4、agetotheconstructionwaterleadstoslowingdowntheconstructionofthehydraulicscheme,whilethedangerofdamageisincreased.Dependingonthewidthoftheriveratthedamsiteandthequantityofconstructionwater,inthecourseofconstructionofthehydraulicschemetheriverwaterscanbeeva
5、cuatedintwomainways:multistageconstructionandsingle-stageconstruction.2Diversionmethods(1)Single-stagemethodThemethodofconstructionofstructuresbymeansofdiversionoftheriverfromtheriverchannelisusuallyemployedwithnarrowriverchannels,aswellaswithsteepbanksdu
6、ringtheconstructionofhydraulicschemeswithamediumandwithahigh-pressurehead.Inthefirstplace,thewaterconveyancestructureisconstructed;itservesfordiversionoftheconstructionwater.Thisstructuremaybeatunnel(Fig.1),channel,orpipeline.Then,theriverchannelisdammedb
7、ymeansofacofferdam,usuallyatlowerdischarges.Thismethodistoconstructupstreamanddownstreamcofferdamtoletdownwaterbythepermanentortemporaryoutletworksinthemainworks.Themainprojectiscompletedornearlycompleted,thenplugupthetemporaryoutletworks.Thewayofthisdive
8、rsion,whenconstructingaboideauattheexitofthelakes,itispossibletobuildonlytheupstreamcofferdam,thatwillstoreallthewaterinthelakesattheperiodofconstruction.Inaddition,averysteepgradientofthemountainriver,ifthewaterlev
