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1、非谓语动词在英语中,不是用作句子的谓语而是担任其它语法功能的动词叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词有3种:不定式,动名词和分词。不定式不定式由“todo”构成,其否定式“nottodo”。不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有语态的变化,不定式可作主,宾,定,状,补,表,不能单独作谓语。一.不定式的用法1作主语Toseeistobelieve.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.2作表语MyjobistoteachEnglish.3作宾语Hewantedtogo.Ifindithardto
2、workwithhim.Wecoulddonothingbutwait.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.can’tchoosebutdo,can’thelpbutdo,can’tbutdo常见用不定式作宾语的动词:want,wish,like,decide,help,ask,agree,afford,arrange,care,determine,fail,guarantee,hesitate,hope,hurry,manage,offer,pretend,promise,seek,prepare,r
3、efuse,swear,expect,plan,wouldlike,makeupone’smind,bedetermined4作补语Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.常见用不定式作宾补的动词:advise,allow,permit,forbid,ask,beg,caue,encourage,expect,force,get,invite,like,order,peruade,prefer,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,considerpractice:*在感官动词f
4、eel,hear,listento,see,look,notice,watch,observe,overhear(偷听)和使役动词make,let,have等后的补语中,不定式不带to,但这些句子变成被动结构时,就必须带toIoftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.5作定语Heislookingforaroomtolivein.There’snothingtoworryabout.第7页共7页但不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定
5、式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Wehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.不定式作定语的用法:(1)用来修饰被序数词,最高级或all,no,any等限定的词e.g.Hewasthebestmantodothejob.Thisisthefirstfactorytoproducethiskindofmachine.(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义不同.e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosend?(tosend的动作执行者
6、是“你”)Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?(tosend的动作执行者是“我“或”别人“)(3)用来修饰的词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语,常见的有:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,timee.g.HiswishtovisitChinaisquiteunderstandable.(4)在’形容词+不定式’结构作表语,宾语和定语时,常用的todo主动形式表被动.
7、e.g.Thebookisdifficulttoread.Heisamaneasytogetonwith.(5)在不定式作表语,与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,而与句中的另一名词或代词之间有主谓关系时,用主动表被动.e.g.Hegavemesomebookstoread.6作状语Icameheretoseeyou.(表目的)inorderto/soastoWewereexcitedtohearthenews.(表原因)Hehurriedtotheschool(only)tofindnobodythere.(表结果7疑问词
8、+不定式,在句中起名词作用,可作主,宾,表Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.8作插入语Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.tobesuretobefranktosumuptobegin/startw