英语语法--语法术语.doc

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1、language语言interjection感叹词grammar语法head(headword)中心词sentence句子nounphrase名词词组clause分句verbphrase动词词组phrase词组adjectivephrase形容词词组word词adverbphrase副词词组morpheme词素prepositionalphrase介词词组segmentation切分法simpleverbphrase简单动词词组freemorpheme自由词素complexverbphrase复杂动词词

2、组simpleword（morphemeword）简单词（单词素词）finiteverbphrase限定动词词组compoundword复合词tense时compoundnoun复合名词person人称compoundadjective复合形容词number数compoundverb复合动词non-finiteverbphrase非限定动词词组compoundadverb复合副词premodifier前置修饰语compoundpronoun复合代词postmodifier后置修饰语compoundcon

3、junction复合连词complementation补足成分compoundpreposition复合介词independentclause独立分句inflectionalaffix屈折词缀dependentclause从属分句derivationalaffix派生词缀simpleclause简单分句prefix前缀simplesentece简单句infix中缀complexclause复杂分句suffix后缀complexsentece复杂句allomorph词素变体mainclause主句clos

4、edclass封闭词类subordinateclause分句functionword功能词finiteclause限定分句preposition介词non-finiteclause非限定分句pronoun代词verblessclause无动词分句determiner限定词fullsentence完全句conjunction连词minorsentece不完全句auxiliary助动词compoundsentence并列句openclass开放词类compound-complexsentence并列复杂句c

5、ontentword实义词clauseelement分句成分noun名词basicclausetype分句基本类型adjective形容词subject（compoundsubject）主语(并列主语)adverb副词predicate（compoundpredicate）谓语(并列谓语)mainverb主动词predicateverb谓语动词cardinalnumeral基数词object（directobject/indirectobject）宾语(直宾/间宾)ordinalnumeral序数词co

6、mplement(subject/objectcomplement)补语(主补/宾补)6adverbial状语indefinitearticle不定冠词SVC,SV,SVO,SVoO,SVOC,SVA,SVOAzeroarticle零冠词concord/agreement一致possessivedeterminer物主限定词subject-verbagreement主动一致/主谓一致genitivenoun名词属格grammaticalconcord语法一致原则demonstrativedetermin

7、er指示限定词notionalconcord意义一致原则relativedeterminer关系限定词principleofproximity就近原则interrogativedeterminer疑问限定词coordinatesubject并列结构作主语indefinitedeterminer不定限定词nounphraseofamountorquality表示数量概念的名词词组multiplicativenumeral倍数词relativeclause关系分句fractionalnumeral分数词re

8、lativepronoun关系代词quantifier量词antecedent先行项specificreference特指cleftsentence分裂句genericreference类指focuselement中心成分definitespecificreference确定特指existentialsentence存在句anaphoricspecificreference前照应特指notionalsubject实义主语cataphoric