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1、英语语法术语解释In"Howmuchdoyouthinkheearns?"howmuchis______ofthesentence.(TEM4,2009) A.thesubjectB.theadverbial C.theobject√D.thecomplementWhichofthefollowingsentenceshasanobjectcomplement?(TEM4,2010)ThedirectorsappointedJohnmanager.√IgaveMaryaChristmaspresent.YouhavedonePet
2、erafavor.SheisteachingchildrenEnglish.Inthesentence“It’snousewaitingforher”,theitalicizedphraseis.(TEM4,2010)A.theobjectB.anadverbialC.acomplementD.thesubject√有关语法的很多题目,直接通过分析句子结构和成分就可以判断出选项,或者排除很多干扰项,比如这个句子是否缺少成分,缺少什么成分,哪些选项能作这个成分。掌握好了句子结构,写作时就不会写出不合语法的句子了。一、英语基本句型:英语句
3、子以动词为中心,动词按其结构主要分为联系动词,及物动词,不及物动词,根据这三类动词可熟练掌握英语句型结构及语法成分。系动词linkverb基本句型:Subject+LinkVerb+Complement即主+动+补该动词分为四类1)Be型:be,am,is,are,was,were,been,2)变化型:turn,become,get,grow3)感官型:feel,sound,smell,look,taste,4)似乎型:seem,appear,此句型中系动词所带的补语,叫主语补语,即补充说明主语的,通常为名词短语(nounphras
4、e),形容词短语(adjectivephrase)。Be型结构还可带介词短语(prepositionphrase),副词短语(adverbphrase),代词(pronoun),名词从句(nounclause)等等。Examples:Themanisateacher.Dinnerisatsixo'clock.Helooksfine.Itsoundsbetter.Itseemstrue.及物动词transitiveverb基本句型:Subject+TransitiveVerb+Object1主+动+宾Subject+Transitive
5、Verb+Object1+Object2主+动+宾(间接)+宾(直接)Subject+TransitiveVerb+Object+Complement主+动+宾+补第三类中的补语为宾语补语,即补充说明宾语的,除了名词,形容词,还有介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词等。Examples:Wemadehimourspokesman.Theyelectedhimpresident.Iconsidertheproblemfairlyeasy.Theparentsleavetheirsonaloneathome.Shesawaboykickingh
6、erdog.不及物动词intransitiveverb基本句型Subject+IntransitiveVerb主+动Examples:Ironrusts.Everyonelaughed.由此,基本句型可概括如下:1.S+Vl+C2.S+Vt+O3.S+Vt+O1+O24.S+Vt+O+C5.S+V还可增加两类SVOA,SVA,是在及物动词和不及物动词上演化而来的。Subject+TransitiveVerb+Object+Adverbial主+动+宾+状Iputthematerialevidenceinfrontofhim.Hetre
7、atedhercruelly.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+Adverbial主+动+状IliveinBeijing.Thetrainleavesatsix.HewillbeflyingtoShanghai.因此,按照动词的结构来分,可为三类,或细分可为七类。SVC,SVO,SVOO,SVOC,SVOA,SV,SVA.再复杂的句子,其骨架也是这其中之一。因此,掌握好句子结构,就能判断句子合不合语法。二、英语句法的成分:主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表、同主语(subject):名词短语NP(nounphrase)谓语(p
8、redicate):动词短语VP(verbphrase)定语(attribute):形容词短语AP(adjectivephrase)状语(adverbial):副词短语AdP(adverbphrase),介词短语PP(p