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1、倒装、省略与替代等（Inversion,EllipsisandSubstitution,etc）倒装(Inversion)倒装是语言中的一种强调手段，通常将正常语序中较晚出现的成分移至句首。倒装主要分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装(又称主谓倒装)即把整个谓语置于主语之前：状语/表语+谓语+主语Herecomesthebus.Awaywentthecar.Firstcamethepresidentandthenhiswife.Equallyinexplicable（难以理解的）washisbehaviortowardshisson.There,inthedistance,s
2、tandsabigtree.Sittingaroundherwereherchildren.注意：在该句型中，如果主语为代词，主语和谓语动词不倒装。如：Awaytheywent.Therehecomes.部分倒装的几种情况一、句首为否定副词或带有否定意义的词组时常见词(组)有never,nowhere,nosooner(…than),notuntil,infrequently,little,rarely,seldom,hardly,neither,nor,notonly,innoway,bynomeans,in/undernocircumstances等。Neitherd
3、oweknowhowtheuniversebegan,orhowitwillend---if,indeed,itendsatall.Neverwillanybodymovewithoutaforcestrongenoughtoovercometheresistance.Neverhasmybrotherbeenabroadbefore.HardlyhadIsatdownwhenIheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Nosoonerhadhereturnedthanheboughtafinehouseandwenttolivethere.二、only
4、置于句首，修饰状语(从句)时Onlyinthiswaycanweaccomplishitontime.Onlyastheairbubblesout（排出）doesthewaterfillthecontainer.注意：only修饰主语时不倒装。Onlythiswayleadstotheisland.Onlyasmallnumberofpeoplesupportedthegovernmentatthattime.三、句首为表示方式及频度的副词时Oftendoeshewarnusnottotouchthepoisonouschemical.WelldoIrememberthe
5、daywhenithappened.OftenhadIintendedtospeakofit.四、以so(…that)开头的句子Sogreatwasthedestructionthatthesouthtookdecadestorecover.Soquicklydidtheworkmenfinishtheirworkthattheyweregivenmorepay.五、as引导的让步状语从句中，表示状态、情形的形容词或零冠词名词置于句首Prominent(卓越的)asheisinhisfield,heremainseasy-going.Childasheis,hedoese
6、nvyhim.六、在省略了if的虚拟条件句中WereIyou,Iwouldn'tfeelsorry.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavebeensunk.Shouldtheweatherbewet,themeetingwouldnotbeheld.省略与替代(EllipsisandSubstitution)省略与替代二者有着紧密的联系，都是为了精简词语和避免重复，常常交替使用，从而使语言简洁明了，上下文联系更加紧密。省略:某一句子成分的省略(I)Begyourpardon?(There)Mustbesomebod
7、ywaitingforyou.We’lldothebestwecan(do).Onlyoneofuswasinjured,andhe(wasinjured)justslightly.---Whichofthemisthebetterchoice?---Well,it’shardtotell(it).Let’sdothedishes.I’llwash(dishes)andyoudry(dishes).Isthisyourbike?---Yes,itis(mine).He’sarealman.---Whois(arealman)?
