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1、AUTHOR'SPREFACEASHORThistoryofanysubjectshouldnotsimplybeanabridgementofalargerone.Itshouldbeapicturecompleteinitself,ratherthanamereinventoryofnamesand"isms.'Toachievethis,theauthorshould,asaChineseexpressionsays,"havethewholehistoryinhismind.Onlythencanheg
2、ivethereaderanadequateandwell-roundedaccountwithinhischosenlimitedscope.AccordingtoChinesehistoriography,agoodhistorianmusthavewidescholarshipinordertomasterallhismaterials,soundjudgmenttomakeproperselectionofthem,andliterarytalentinordertotellhisstoryinanin
3、terestingway.Inwritingashorthistory,intendedforageneralpublic,theauthorcertainlyhaslesschancetodisplayhisscholarship,butheneedsmoreselectivejudgmentandliterarytalentthanhewouldforwritingalongerandstrictlyscholarlywork.Inpreparingthiswork,Ihavetriedtousemybes
4、tjudgmentinselectingwhatIconsiderimportantandrelevantfrommaterialswhichIhavemastered.Iwasveryfortunate,however,tohaveaseditorDr.DerkBodde,whohasusedhisliterarytalenttomakethestyleofthebookinteresting,readable,andcomprehensibletotheWesternreader.Hehasalsomade
5、suggestionsregardingtheselectionandarrangementofthematerial.Beingashorthistory,thisbookservesasnomorethananintroductiontothestudyofChinesephilosophy.Ifthereaderwishestoknowmoreaboutthesubject,Iwouldreferhimtomylargerwork,AHistoryofChinesePhilosophy.Thefirstv
6、olumeofthishasbeentranslatedbyDr.Bodde,andheisnowtranslatingthesecondone;alsotomymorerecentwork,TheSpiritofChinesePhilosophy,translatedbyMr.E.R.HughesofOxfordUniversity.BothworksarementionedinthebibliographycompiledbyDr.Boddeattheendofthepresentbook.Acknowle
7、dgementsareduetobothDr.BoddeandMr.Hughes,fromwhosebooksIhaveborrowedsometranslationsoftheChinesetextsappearingherein.Inpublishingthisbook,IwelcometheopportunityofexpressingmythankstotheRockefellerFoundationforthegrantwhichmadeitpossibleformetocomefromChinato
8、theUniversityofPennsylvaniaasVisitingProfessorduringtheyear1946-47,andwhichresultedinthewritingofthisbook.Also,IwishtothankmycolleaguesandstudentsintheDepartmentofOrientalStudiesfortheircooperat
