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1、AUTHOR'SPREFACEASHORThistoryofanysubjectshouldnotsimplybeanabridgementofalargerone.Itshouldbeapicturecompleteinitself,ratherthanamereinventoryofnamesand"isms.'Toachievethis,theauthorshould,asaChineseexpressionsays,"havethewholehistoryinhismind.Onlythencanhegivethereaderanadequat
2、eandwell-roundedaccountwithinhischosenlimitedscope.AccordingtoChinesehistoriography,agoodhistorianmusthavewidescholarshipinordertomasterallhismaterials,soundjudgmenttomakeproperselectionofthem,andliterarytalentinordertotellhisstoryinaninterestingway.Inwritingashorthistory,intend
3、edforageneralpublic,theauthorcertainlyhaslesschancetodisplayhisscholarship,butheneedsmoreselectivejudgmentandliterarytalentthanhewouldforwritingalongerandstrictlyscholarlywork.Inpreparingthiswork,IhavetriedtousemybestjudgmentinselectingwhatIconsiderimportantandrelevantfrommateri
4、alswhichIhavemastered.Iwasveryfortunate,however,tohaveaseditorDr.DerkBodde,whohasusedhisliterarytalenttomakethestyleofthebookinteresting,read-able,andcomprehensibletotheWesternreader.Hehasalsomadesuggestionsregardingtheselectionandarrangementofthematerial.Beingashorthistory,this
5、bookservesasnomorethananintroductiontothestudyofChinesephilosophy.Ifthereaderwishestoknowmoreaboutthesubject,Iwouldreferhimtomylargerwork,AHistoryofChinesePhilosophy.ThefirstvolumeofthishasbeentranslatedbyDr.Bodde,andheisnowtranslatingthesecondone;alsotomymorerecentwork,TheSpiri
6、tofChinesePhilosophy,translatedbyMr.E.R.HughesofOxfordUniversity.BothworksarementionedinthebibliographycompiledbyDr.Boddeattheendofthepresentbook.AcknowledgementsareduetobothDr.BoddeandMr.Hughes,fromwhosebooksIhaveborrowedsometranslationsoftheChinesetextsappearingherein.Inpublis
7、hingthisbook,IwelcometheopportunityofexpressingmythankstotheRockefellerFoundationforthegrantwhichmadeitpossibleformetocomefromChinatotheUniversityofPennsylvaniaasVisitingProfessorduringtheyear1946-47,andwhichresultedinthewritingofthisbook.Also,Iwishtothankmycolleaguesandstudents
8、intheDepartmentofOrientalStudiesfortheircoopera