英汉对比与翻译.ppt

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1、翻译欢迎光临欢迎光临英对比与翻译汉English-ChineseContrastandTranslation左飚English-ChineseContrastandTranslationZuoBiaoPartOneNativeLanguageTransferinFLLearning:InterferenceorFacilitation?外语学习中的母语迁移：干扰还是促进？WhatIsLanguageTransfer?Transferistheinfluenceresultingfromthesimi

2、laritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetargetlanguageandanyotherlanguagethathasbeenpreviouslyacquired.Odlin(1989:27)迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之间的相似和差异而产生的影响。奥德林TwoTypesofTransferNegativeTransfer(负迁移)Errorsarisefromanalogy.类推会产生错误。PositiveTransfer（正迁移）Errorsdecreasebyan

3、alysis.分析能减少错误。KeenawarenessofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwolanguagescanfacilitateFLlearning.对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。NegativeTransfer(负迁移):Interference(干扰)Causes:analogicaluseofone’spriorknowledgeofthemothertongue母语先知结构的类推运用scantyknowledgeo

4、fdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages对两种语言的差异所知甚少unconsciousfallingbackonthemothertonguespeechhabit不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯ExamplesofNegativeTransfer1.Thewriterlikeswritingatlight(night).Phonologicaltransfer(语音迁移)Thesound/n/doesnotexistinsomeChinesedialectsand/l/ser

5、vesasasubstitute.在有些中国方言（如南京方言）中没有/n/这个辅音，而用/l/来替代。ExamplesofNegativeTransfer2.Heonlyeattwomealaday.Morphologicaltransfer（词形迁移）NeithernounsnorverbshaveinflectionsinChinese.在汉语中，名词和动词都没有形态变化。ExamplesofNegativeTransfer3.Shanghaiissaidtohavethirteenmillio

6、npopulation.Collocationtransfer(搭配迁移)Thenounrenkou,theChineseequivalentof‘population’,canhaveanumericalpre-modifier.Population的汉语对应词“人口”在汉语中可以用前置数词来修饰。ExamplesofNegativeTransfer4.Hesuggestedmetoacceptthisoffer.Syntacticaltransfer(句型迁移)Theverbjianyi,the

7、Chineseequivalentof‘suggest’,canbeusedinVOCpatterninChinese.Suggest的汉语对应词“建议”在汉语中可以用“动词+宾语+补语”的结构。ExamplesofNegativeTransfer5.--YourEnglishiswonderful.--No,no.MyEnglishisstillpoor.Pragmatictransfer(语用迁移)ThenegativereplytoacomplimentisconsideredinChines

8、easmodestandcourteous.对赞扬的否定回答在汉语中被视为谦虚有礼貌。TwoTypesofTransferNegativeTransfer(负迁移)Errorsarisefromanalogy.类推会产生错误。PositiveTransfer（正迁移）Errorsdecreasebyanalysis.分析能减少错误。Wecouldturnnegativetransfer(interference)intopositive(facilitation)by