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1、DirectSpeech&IndirectSpeech直接引语&间接引语Contents引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号““标出，叫做直接引语（directspeech）；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语（indirectspeech）1、人称的转变1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”——>Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称
2、，如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.——>MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”——>HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomee
3、tafriendofhisthatafternoon.2、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时现在进行时→过去进行时过去完成时→过去完成时现在完成时→过去完成时过去进行时→过去进行时Eg.“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.——>Shesaid
4、shewasverygladtovisitourschool.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”——>Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”——>MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.Heaskedtheconductor,“Wh
5、ereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”——>HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.“Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.——>Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?”——>Motheraskedm
6、ewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.”——>Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.Hesaid，“Ihaven'theardfrommyparentsthesedays.”——>Hesaidthathehadn'theardfromhisparentsthoseday
7、s.3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况1）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”——>Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.2）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”——>Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.3）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,coul
8、d,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时，如：Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”——>ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”——>Hesaidthatshemustbeatea
