General Review.ppt

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1、GeneralReviewonGeohydrology16June2011Chapter1Schoolwork什么是岩土的空隙性?岩土的空隙有哪几类?分别用什么指标来表示?什么是岩土的水理性质?岩土的水理性质有哪些?各用什么指标表示?给出岩土水理性质的英文表达。什么是含水层和隔水层?并给出它们的英文表达。简述上层滞水、潜水、承压水的含义及各自的特点。何谓孔隙水、裂隙水，裂隙水与孔隙水有何不同？岩溶水发育的基本条件有哪些？有何独特之处？Essayquestion1.What’sWaterbalance/hydrologicalbudget?2.Whatishydrospherean

2、dhydrologicalcycle?3.Explainwhatisaquiferandaquiclude?4.WriteoutdefinitionofSpecificstorage,Specificyield,andSpecificretention.5.Howdoesgroundwaterform?Whichimportantlinksshouldbeincludedintheprocessofgroundwaterformation.aquiclude极弱透水层，可视为隔水层aquifugeChapter2Schoolwork地下水有哪些主要的物理性质?地下水中有哪些主要的

3、离子成分？水化学成分主要指标有哪些?简述地下水化学成分的主要形成作用。地下水有哪些基本成因类型？EssayquestionTotalDissolvedSolids(oftenabbreviatedTDS)isameasureofthecombinedcontentofallinorganicandorganicsubstancescontainedinaliquidin:molecular,ionizedormicro-granular(colloidalsol)suspendedform.Generallytheoperationaldefinitionisthatthesol

4、idsmustbesmallenoughtosurvivefiltrationthroughasievethesizeoftwomicrometer.TheprincipalapplicationofTDSisinthestudyofwaterqualityforstreams,riversandlakes,althoughTDSisnotgenerallyconsideredaprimarypollutant(e.g.Itisnotdeemedtobeassociatedwithhealtheffects)itisusedasanindicationofaestheticcha

5、racteristicsofdrinkingwaterandasanaggregateindicatorofthepresenceofabroadarrayofchemicalcontaminants.ReadingandanswerquestionPrimarysourcesforTDSinreceivingwatersareagriculturalandresidentialrunoff,leachingofsoilcontaminationandpointsourcewaterpollutiondischargefromindustrialorsewagetreatment

6、plants.Themostcommonchemicalconstituentsarecalcium,phosphates,nitrates,sodium,potassiumandchloride,whicharefoundinnutrientrunoff,generalstormwaterrunoffandrunofffromsnowyclimateswhereroadde-icingsaltsareapplied.Thechemicalsmaybecations(阳离子),anions(阴离子),moleculesoragglomerationsontheorderofone

7、thousandorfewermolecules,solongasasolublemicro-granuleisformed.MoretoxicandharmfulelementsofTDSarepesticidesarisingfromsurfacerunoff.Certainnaturallyoccurringtotaldissolvedsolidsarisefromtheweatheringanddissolutionofrocksandsoils.TheUnitedSta