上呼吸道感染药物治疗.ppt

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1、Chapter35Lecture11DrugsforCommonUpperRespiratoryInfectionsRespiratoryTractUpperrespiratorytractincludes:nares,nasalcavity,pharynx,andlarynx.Lowerrespiratorytractincludes:trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli,andalveolar-capillarymembraneAirenterstheupperresp.tract&travelsto

2、thelowertractwheregasexchangetakesplaceRespiratoryTractRespiration=theprocesswherebygasexchangeoccursatthealveolar-capillarymembrane.3phases:1.Ventilation-movementofairfromtheatmospherethroughtheupper&lowerairwaystothealveoli2.Perfusion-bloodfromthepulmonarycirculationisad

3、equateatthealveolar-capillarybed3.Diffusion-moleculesmovefromareaofhigherconcentrationtolowerconcentrationofgases-O2passesintothecapillarybedtobecirculated&CO2leavesthecapillarybed&diffusesintothealveoliforvent.excretionRespiratoryTractPerfusion-influencedbyalveolarpressur

4、e.Forgasexchange,theperfusionofeachalveolimustbematchedbyadequateventilation.Mucosaledema,secretions,&bronchospasmsincreasetheresistancetoairflow&dec.ventilation&diffusionofgasesBronchialSmoothMuscle-Inthetracheobronchialtubeissmoothmusclewhosefibersspiralaroundthetubecon

5、tractionconstrictionofairway-ParasympatheticNervoussystemreleasesacetylcholinebronchoconstriction-SympatheticNervoussystemreleasesepinephrinestimulatesbeta-2receptorsinbronchialsmoothmusclebronchodilationDrugsforUpperrespiratoryInfectionsUpperRespiratoryInfections(UR

6、I’s)=commoncold,acuterhinitis,sinusitis,acutetonsillitis,acutelaryngitis-Thecommoncold=mostexpensive>$500millionspentonOTCpreparationsCommonCold&AcuteRhinitis--Commoncoldcausedbytherhinovirus&affectsprimarilythenasopharyngealtract.-Acuterhinitis(inflammationofmucusmembrane

7、sofnose)usuallyaccompaniesthecommoncold-Allergicrhinitis-causedbypollenoraforeignsubstanceDrugsforUpperRespiratoryInfectionsIncubationperiodofacold=1to4daysbeforeonsetofsymptoms&first3daysofthecold-Homeremedies=rest,chickensoup,hottoddies,Vitamins-4groupsofdrugsusedtomanag

8、esymptoms=antihistamins(H-1blocker),decongestants(sympathomimeticamines),antitussives,exp