韩礼德与系统功能语法.ppt

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1、HallidayandSystemic-FunctionalGrammarGaoLeiMichaelAlexanderKirkwoodHallidayhasdevelopedideasstemmingfromFirth’stheoriesintheLondonSchool.HeisprobablythemostimportantrepresentativeoftheSystemic-FunctionalSchool.Systemic-FunctionalGrammarhastwocomponents:SystemicGrammarandFunctionalGramma

2、r.SystemicGrammarSystemicgrammaraimstoexplaintheinternalrelationsinlanguageasaSYSTEMNETWORK,orMEANINGPOTENTIAL.Andthisnetworkconsistsofsubsystemsfromwhichlanguageusersmakechoices.Thenotionofsystemismadeacentralexplanatoryprinciple,thewholeoflanguagebeingconceivedasa“systemofsystems”.Hal

3、lidaydefinessystemasasystemofpotentials,arangeofalternatives.SystemicGrammarpersonFirstpersonSecondpersonThirdpersonnumbersingularpluraltensepastpresentfuture当从有关系统中一一进行选择之后（如人称、数、及物性、语气、时态等），则可生成句子结构。SystemicGrammarTheaxisofchainSurfaceaspectsofgrammar,suchassentencestructures,linguist

4、icunits,andtheirranks(sentence,clause,group,word,andmorpheme)TheaxisofchoiceMeaningaspectsofgrammarchoice(paradigmatic)Chain(syntagmatic)Onagenerallevel,thereistheChainSystemandtheChoiceSystemTherelationbetweensystemicgrammarandfunctionalgrammarThesystemnetworkinSystemicGrammarchieflyde

5、scribesthreecomponentsoffunction,orthreemetafunctions(ideational,interpersonal,andtextual).Eachofthemisacomplexsystemconsistingofothersystems,andchoicesaresimultaneouslymadefromthethreemetafunctions.FunctionalGrammarHallidaydefinesafunctionalgrammaras“essentiallya‘natural’grammar,inthes

6、ensethateverythinginitcanbeexplained”.Hallidayinterpretslanguagedevelopmentfromafunctionalpointofviewandformulatesafunctionaltheoryoflanguage.theideationaltheinterpersonalthetextualfunctionThreemetafunctionsFunctionalGrammarTheideationalfunctionistoconveynewinformation,tocommunicateacon

7、tentthatisunknowntothehearer.Theideationalfunctionmainlyconsistsof“transitivity”and“voice”.Theinterpersonalfunctionembodiesallusesoflanguagetoexpresssocialandpersonalrelations.Thetextualfunctionreferstothefactthatlanguagehasmechanismstomakeanystretchofspokenorwrittendiscoursein