应用光学chapter1.ppt

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1、Chapter1BasicPrinciplesofGeometricalOpticsProblemstobesolved:Whatislight?－－Thenatureoflight1Howthelighttraveling?－－Thelawsoflightpropagation2Imageandconceptofimaging3Therequirementsforimaging409/101.1WaveandraysSignificanceofstudyinglight90%informationisachievedbyvisualsense,lightwaveis

2、thecarrierofvisualsense.Opticsisascienceoflightandvision.Sincelightisverycloselyrelatedtoourlife,peoplestartedtostudyitlongtimeago.09/10Processoflightcognition:Elasticcorpuscles－Elasticwaves－Electromagneticwaves－Wave-particleduality1.1WaveandraysWhatislight?Thisprocessisdevelopedfollowi

3、ngthedevelopmentofopticsstudy09/10In1666:Newtonfirstpostulatedthecorpusculartheory，elasticcorpusclesIn1678:Huygensputforwardthewavetheory,elasticwavespropagatingin“ether”In1873:Maxwellshowedthatlightisinfactanelectromagneticwaves,provedbyHertz’sexperimentIn1905:Einsteinproposedthehypoth

4、esisof“photon”andexplainthephotoelectriceffectIn20century：lightisconsideredtobeakindofmatterwithwave-particledualityDevelopmenthistoryofopticsstudy09/10Generally,lightcanbeconsideredaselectromagneticwaves.-------lightwaveLightpropagationisindeedakindofwavepropagation.1.1WaveandraysWhati

5、slight?09/10wavelengths:λ1.1WaveandraysThedifferencebetweenlightwaveandotherelectromagneticwavesisthattheyhavedifferentwavelengths.09/1002/09Visiblelight:Wavelengthsbetween400nmand760nmInfrared:wavelengthsislongerthanvisiblelightUltraviolet:wavelengthsisshorterthanvisiblelight1.1Waveand

6、raysVisiblelight:400-760nmMonochromaticlight:LightofasinglewavelengthPolychromaticlight:lightcomposedoflightwavesofdifferentwavelengths1.1Waveandrays03/10Therelationamongthespeed,thefrequencyandwavelengthcanbeexpressedasIntransparentmedia,thewavelengthandspeedofthelightchange,butitsfreq

7、uencyisconstant.1.1WaveandraysThepropagationspeedofdifferentwavelengthsinvacuumisthesame,09/10Sincelightisakindofelectromagneticwaves,itspropagationisakindofwave’spropagation;Theproblemofwave’spropagationisalwaysverycomplex,soweadoptasimplifiedmethodinwhichwecanstudythelawsandp