国际经济导论Chapter1.ppt

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1、1Chapter6NewInternationalTradeTheory2Contents6.1Introduction6.2ImportQuotas6.3OtherNontariffTradeBarriers6.4DumpingandExportSubsidies6.5ThePoliticalEconomyofProtectionism6.6StrategicTradeandIndustrialPolicies6.7TheUruguayRound6.8OutstandingTradeProblemandtheDohaRound36.1IntroductionAstariffsw

2、erenegotiateddownduringthepostwarperiod,theimportanceofnontarifftradebarrierswasgreatlyincreased.Thischapterextendsourdiscussionbyconsideringtheeffectsofbarrierstotradeotherthanthetariffsuchas:QuotasVoluntaryexportrestraints(VERs)RegulationsExportsubsidiesDumping4IntroductionThegrowthofthesen

3、ontariffbarriersisimportantastheyhavegrowninuseinrecentyearsandtheireffectsaretypicallynotastransparentaswithatariff.Thisincreasestheopportunityforhiddenprotectionism.56.2ImportQuotasAquotaisadirectquantitativerestrictionontheamountofacommodityallowedtobeimportedorexported.ImportQuotacanbeuse

4、dtoprotectadomesticindustryoragricultureandforbalance-paymentsreasons.6QuotasAquotaisanumericallimitonthenumberofallowedimports.Usingtheexamplefromtariffs,aquotathatreducesimportstothesamenumericalamountasanequivalenttariffchangesthemarketinasimilarwaytothetariff.Quota7QuotasInitialeffectsofa

5、quotaTheequilibriumpriceunderaquota(thequotaprice)willbethesameasthepricewithanequivalenttariff.Quota8QuotaProductionQuotasInitialeffectsofaquotaThelevelofproductionwillbethesameaswithatariff.9QuotasInitialeffectsofaquotaThelevelofdomesticconsumptionwillbethesameaswithatariff.QuotaConsumption

6、10QuotaQuotarentQuotasInitialeffectsofaquotaTheallocationofthequotarentsdependsonhowthegovernmentallocatesthelicensestoimporttheproduct.11QuotaDeadweightlossQuotasInitialeffectsofaquotaThesameregionsofdeadweightlossexist.12ConcernsaboutquotasTheinitialeffectsofatariffandaquotaaresimilar.Theef

7、fectofmarketchangesChangesindomesticsupplyordemandalterimportswithatariff.Sinceimportsarefixedwithaquota,thequantityofimportsdoesnotchangewithmarketchanges.13ConcernsaboutquotasTheinitialeffectsofatariffandaquotaaresimilar.Theeffectofmarketch