心的外形和腔内结构详解.ppt

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1、ContentsIntroductionLocation,relationship&shapeoftheheartInternalstructuresofheartchambersSeptumoftheheartIntroductiontoVascularSystemPart1Thevascularsystemisaclosednetworkofvesselsinthebody.Itissubdividedintothecardiovascularandthelymphaticsystems.Thecardiovascularsystemconsistsoftheblood,theheart,

2、andthebloodvesselswhichincludethearteries,capillariesandveins.Ittransportsnumeroussubstancestoandfromcellsfortheirsurvivalandissometimescalledthecirculatorysystem.Thelymphaticsystemiscomposedoflymphatics,lymphoidtissueandlymphoidorgans.Ittransportsafluid(calledlymph)thathasescapedfrombloodvesselsbac

3、ktobloodstreamatthejunctionofthejugularandsubclavianveinsatbothsidesoftheneck.Thelymphaticsystemisanimmuneanddefensivesystemofthebody.CardiovascularSystemHeartArteriesCapillariesVeinsBloodCirculationTheflowofbloodthroughthenetworkofthebloodvesselsinthebodyoverandoveragainiscalledbloodcirculation.The

4、bloodcirculationcanbedividedintotwoparts:systemiccirculationandpulmonarycirculation.Thesystemic(greater)circulationiscirculationofbloodthroughwhichbloodflowsfromleftventricleintotheaortaanditsbranchestoallpartsofthebody,andreturnstotherightatriumviathesuperiorandinferiorvenacava.Thesystemiccircuitca

5、rriesoxygenatedbloodthroughoutthebodyandpicksupcarbondioxidefrombodytissues.Inthisprocess,bloodchangesfromarterialbloodtovenousblood;itscolorchangesfromscarlettodarkred.Bloodvesselsinthesystemiccircuitalso(1)pickupnutrientsfromthedigestivetractanddeliverthemtocellsthroughoutthebody,and(2)receivenitr

6、ogenouswastesfrombodycellsandtransportthemtothekidneysforeliminationintheurine.Thepulmonary(lesser)circulationisbloodcirculationthroughwhichbloodflowsfromtherightventricleintopulmonarytrunkanditsbranchestothelungs,andreturnstotheleftatriumviathepulmonaryveins.Whenbloodflowsthroughcapillariesinthelun

7、gs,itdischargescarbondioxideandpicksupoxygenfromthelungalveoli.Sothebloodchangesbackfromvenousbloodtoarterialblood,itscolorchangesfromdarkredtoscarletaswell.Thearteriesandveinsofthepulmonarycircuithav